125 Years of Kodaikanal Solar Observatory

The Kodaikanal Solar Observatory, celebrating its 125th anniversary in 2024, is a cornerstone in the field of solar research, located in the scenic Palani range of hills in Southern India. Managed by the Indian Institute of Astrophysics, this observatory has made significant contributions to the understanding of solar physics and ionospheric phenomena. Its extensive array of equipment, including a variety of telescopes and spectrographs, has been instrumental in providing one of the longest continuous series of solar data. These observations are not only critical for the global scientific community but also for understanding the Sun’s impact on Earth’s climate and space weather. The observatory also plays a vital role in public education about astronomy through tours, courses, and workshops, thereby fostering a deeper appreciation for this field among the general public and academic communities alike.