In the context of vaccines manufactured to prevent COVID-19 pandemic, consider the following statements:

The Serum Institute of India produced COVID-19 vaccine named Covishield using mRNA platform.
Sputnik V vaccine is manufactured using vector-based platform.
COVAXIN is an inactivated pathogen-based vaccine.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 2 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Explanation

The correct answer is (b) 2 and 3 only.

Covishield is not an mRNA-based vaccine. It is a viral vector vaccine developed by AstraZeneca and Oxford University, and manufactured by the Serum Institute of India.
Sputnik V is a vector-based vaccine developed by the Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology in Russia. It uses a human adenovirus vector platform.
COVAXIN is an inactivated pathogen-based vaccine developed by Bharat Biotech in collaboration with the Indian Council of Medical Research – National Institute of Virology.

Covishield is a viral vector vaccine that uses a modified chimpanzee adenovirus vector encoding the SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) glycoprotein.
Sputnik V is a combination vector vaccine that uses two different adenovirus vectors (Ad26 and Ad5) for the first and second doses, respectively, to provide immunity against COVID-19.
COVAXIN is a whole-virion inactivated vaccine that stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies against the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 strain.