Home » Uncategorized » [Newsbits] 1.11.2023 – Prachand, UNFF, SWIM project & more

[Newsbits] 1.11.2023 – Prachand, UNFF, SWIM project & more

Santhosh Kumar 01/11/2023

newsbits mindmap notes

Contents

Light Combat Helicopter Prachand

Light Combat Helicopter Prachand upsc mind map. Below is the image content.
Context
Indian Army's Light Combat Helicopter
Name
Prachand
Inaugural firing
During day and night operations
Source
The Hindu (TH)
About Prachand
India's first
Indigenous multi-role combat helicopter
Developer
Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL)
Equipments
Nose gun
20mm
Rockets
70mm
Helicopter-launched anti-tank guided missile
Air-to-air missile
Distinct from
'Mistral-2' used on IAF LCH
Features
Designed for
Indian armed forces
Operating in
Deserts
Mountainous areas
Range
700 km
Flight ceiling
Highest among attack helicopters
Landing and take-off altitude
5,000 meters (16,400 ft)
Weapons
Can carry lethal weapons
Destroy targets
Aircraft used by Indian Air Force
Fighter Aircraft
Examples
Sukhoi Su-30MKI
Dassault Rafale
MiG-29
Tejas (Light Combat Aircraft)
Attack Aircraft
SEPECAT Jaguar
HAL Tejas
MiG-27
Transport Aircraft
Lockheed C-130J Super Hercules
Antonov An-32
Boeing C-17 Globemaster III
Helicopters
HAL Dhruv
Mil Mi-17
Boeing AH-64E Apache
HAL Rudra (Weaponized Dhruv)
HAL's Prachand
Reconnaissance Aircraft
IAI Heron
Embraer EMB 145 AEW&C
HAL Cheetah
Trainer Aircraft
HAL HJT-16 Kiran
BAE Hawk
Pilatus PC-7 Mk II
Airborne Early Warning and Control (AEW&C)
Embraer EMB 145 AEW&C
DRDO Netra
Aerial Refueling Aircraft
Ilyushin Il-78 (MARS)
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)

United Nations Forum on Forests (UNFF)

United Nations Forum on Forests (UNFF) upsc mind map
Context
Host
Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
Event
Country-Led Initiative (CLI)
Venue
Forest Research Institute
Location
Dehradun, Uttarakhand
Aim of the initiative
Contribute to discussions on
Sustainable Forest Management
UN Strategic Plan for Forests (UNSPF)
Focus areas
Forest fires
Forest certification
Expected outcomes
Frameworks and recommendations
For
Forest fire management
Forest certification management
Discussion at future event
19th session of UNFF
Date
May 2024
About UNFF
Nature
Intergovernmental policy forum
Promotion
Management
Conservation
Sustainable development of all types of forests
Aim
Strengthen political commitment
Establishment
Year
2000
By
UN Economic and Social Council
Membership
Universal
All Member States of the UN
Major Related Events
1992
UN Conference on Environment and Development
Adopted
“Forest Principles”
Agenda 21
1995-2000
Intergovernmental Panel on Forests
Intergovernmental Forum on Forests
To implement Forest Principles
2000
Establishment of UNFF
As a functional commission of UN Economic and Social Council
2006
Agreement on
Four Global Objectives for Forests
2007
Adoption
UN Non-Legally Binding Instrument on All Types of Forests
2009
Decision on financing for sustainable forest management
Creation of a Facilitative Process
Focus on
Small Island Developing States (SIDS)
Low Forest Cover Countries (LFCCs)
2011
International Year of Forests
Theme
“Forests for People”
The Four Global Objectives on Forests
Reverse loss of forest cover
Via
Sustainable forest management (SFM)
Enhance forest-based benefits
Economic
Social
Environmental
Increase area of managed forests
Reverse decline in assistance
Official development assistance for SFM
Mobilize increased financial resources
For
Implementation of SFM

Subsurface Water Ice Mapping (SWIM) project

Subsurface Water Ice Mapping (SWIM) project upsc mind map
Context
Creation
Map of Mars
Indication
Regions with subsurface water ice
Source
Times of India (TOI)
Value of map
Resource for scientists
Identify potential landing sites
For
First astronauts on Mars
Importance of water ice on Mars
For drinking
Rocket fuel
Other purposes
Mars' atmosphere
Thinness
Cannot sustain liquid water
Aim of SWIM project
Detect water ice beneath Martian ground
Locate best access points
For
Water ice buried under Martian surface
Use of map
Support
NASA’s Mars Exploration Program
Identifying potential water resources
Decide landing spots for astronauts
Tools used by SWIM
High-Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE)
Study fresh impact craters
Release
Fourth comprehensive map
Potential subsurface water ice locations on Mars

Age of Moon

Age of Moon upsc mind map
Recent study
Utilization
Crystals from Apollo astronauts
Year
1972
Discovery
Moon's age
Revised to
At least 4.46 billion years old
Importance of crystals
Oldest known solids
Formed after a massive impact
Reference for lunar chronology
Method used
Atom probe tomography
Purpose
Determine age of crystals
Source
Times of India (TOI)
Significance of the finding
Understanding the Moon's role
Stabilizing Earth's rotational axis
Affecting tides
Influencing life on Earth

‘Reference’ fuel

‘Reference’ fuel upsc mind map
Context
India's achievement
Production of "reference" petrol and diesel
Joining select group of nations
For
High-quality fuel production
Why
Use of reference fuels
For testing automobiles
Developer
Indian Oil Corporation (IOC)
Purposes
Engine development
Performance assessment
Ensuring operability
Across
Global climatic conditions
Calibration and testing
Of
Vehicles
Benefits
Replace imports
Ensure reliable supply
Lower cost
For
Vehicle manufacturers
Testing agencies
Quality
Premium products
Higher octane numbers
Than
Normal fuels

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