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[Newsbits] 4.11.2023 – White hydrogen, Nilgiri Tahr, Environmental DNA (eDNA) & more

Santhosh Kumar 04/11/2023
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newsbits mindmap notes

White hydrogen

White hydrogen mind map with below nodes Context: Discovery in northeastern France Source: TOI Definition Clean-burning energy source Found in Earth’s crust Naturally occurring molecular hydrogen Distinction Unlike green hydrogen From renewable energy and electrolysis of water Unlike grey, brown, black hydrogen Obtained from fossil sources Significance Abundant and untapped source Cost Estimated at $1 per kilogram Compared to green hydrogen Costs about $6 per kilogram Affordable clean energy source Global deposits Identified worldwide Including in US, eastern Europe, Russia Australia, Oman, France, Mali

Hunger Hotspots

Hunger Hotspots mind map Context: Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and WFP warning Source: World Food Programme (WFP) Definition Regions with acute food insecurity Concern level Highest in specific countries Examples: Afghanistan, Nigeria, Somalia South Sudan, Yemen Other Hotspots Haiti, Sahel Burkina Faso, Mali Malawi, Guatemala, Honduras, Sudan Pakistan, Central African Republic, Ethiopia Kenya, Democratic Republic of the Congo Syrian Arab Republic, Myanmar Newly added Lebanon, El Salvador, Nicaragua Basis of warning Critical acute food insecurity Worsening conditions expected

Nilgiri Tahr

Nilgiri Tahr mind map Context Tamil Nadu's Project Allotted Rs 25 crores Launched in 2022 References The Hindu, WWF India Scientific name Nilgiritragus hylocrius Unique ungulate in India Among 12 species in the country Population 3,122 individuals in the wild As per World Wildlife Fund (WWF) India 2015 report Habitat Sure-footed ungulate Open montane grassland habitats Elevations from 1200 to 2600 m Distribution Endemic to Western Ghats Large populations in Nilgiris, Anamalais Smaller populations in Palani hills, Srivilliputtur Meghamalai, Agasthiyar ranges Largest population at Eravikulam National Park, Kerala Threats Habitat loss Occasional hunting For meat and skin Conservation status International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN): Endangered Wildlife (Protection) Act of India, 1972 Schedule I State Animal of Tamil Nadu Celebrates October 7 as Nilgiri Tahr Day In honor of ERC Davidar Cultural reference Mention in Tamil epic Silapathikaram As 'varai aadu'

World Food India 2023

World Food India 2023 mind map Location Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi Editions 2nd edition in 2023 1st edition in 2017 Objectives Showcase India as food basket Celebrate 2023 as International Year of Millets Promote investments, partnerships, establishments Participants Over 80 countries CEOs of prominent food processing companies Highlights Food Street Featuring regional cuisines Royal culinary heritage Pavilions for food processing industries Innovations showcase Financial empowerment focus Quality assurance Innovations in machinery, technology Ayush Aahar Products by Ayush Startups Reverse Buyer Seller Meet 1200 overseas buyers Partner country: Netherlands Focus country: Japan Strengthening Self-Help Groups (SHGs) Seed capital for over 1 lakh groups Food processing industry status Sunrise sector in India 7th position in exports Over 50,000 million USD

Air Quality Index (AQI)

Air Quality Index (AQI) mind map Context Delhi's air quality Plummets to 'severe' category AQI over 400 Reference Indian Express Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) activation Stage 3 initiated AQI essentials Colour coded index Launched in 2014 Swachh Bharat campaign Objective Public and government communication Current and future air pollution levels Represented pollutants 6 to 8 pollutants Including Ozone (O3), Particulate Matter (PM 10 and PM 2.5), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Impact on human health Weight given to each pollutant AQI transformation Air quality data to single number Nomenclature and colour Categories Good (0-50) Satisfactory (50-100) Moderately polluted (100-200) Poor (200-300) Very poor (300-400) Severe (400-500) Health effects correlation Higher AQI, worse air quality Adverse effects on larger population GRAP specifics Emergency anti-pollution measures For Delhi-National Capital Region (NCR) Notified in 2017

Environmental DNA (eDNA)

Environmental DNA (eDNA) mind map News/Context Scientist estimated total taxonomic diversity Chilika lagoon in Odisha About 1,071 families Across the tree of life Using environmental DNA (eDNA) method What eDNA Definition Nuclear or mitochondrial DNA Released into the environment During organism's lifetime or after death Sources of eDNA Secreted feces Mucous Gametes Shed skin and hair Carcasses eDNA method Non-invasive method Assess total biodiversity By sequencing DNA Found in the environment Developed by LaCONES Full form Laboratory for the Conservation of Endangered Species Part of CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology Headquartered in Hyderabad Sample size Few litres of Water Soil Air Working mechanism Molecular approach Filter out eDNA from samples Read sequences Identify eDNA source Techniques used PCR Full form Polymerase chain reaction Purpose Amplify DNA for sequencing qPCR Full form Quantitative PCR Purpose Detect and quantify DNA Why Significance Cheaper Faster Highly scalable Applications Monitoring ecosystems Conserving biodiversity Detecting various organisms Viruses Bacteria Archaea Eukaryotes Revealing presence Human remains Where Chilika lagoon in Odisha Country's largest brackish water lagoon Plane wreck vicinity 2nd World War For floating eDNA Sample collection Seawater When Recent estimation Total taxonomic diversity Who Scientists Method application eDNA to estimate diversity LaCONES Development of eDNA method How Collecting samples From various environments Water Soil Air Using PCR and qPCR For DNA sequencing

DISHA

DISHA mind map upsc What Diagnostic Services in Healthcare Availability and Geo-mapping Laboratory services in India Where India Who Launched by ICMR Indian Council of Medical Research NIP National Institute of Pathology How Portal features Facility type Distance Test availability Test cost Turn-around time

Chanakya Defence Dialogue

Chanakya Defence Dialogue upsc mind map What Defence dialogue 1st edition Where Manekshaw Centre, New Delhi Who Organised by Indian Army Partnership with CLAWS Centre for Land Warfare Studies How Conducting analysis Security challenges South Asia Indo-Pacific

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