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[Newsbits] 21.11.2023

Santhosh Kumar 21/11/2023

newsbits mindmap notes

Contents

Edible Oil Sector in India

Edible Oil Sector in India mind map
Context
Over past decade
Imports increased 1.5 times
More than doubled in rupee value
Record over 16 million tonnes
Year ending October 2023
Source: IE
Edible Oil
Definition
Plant-based or animal fats
Liquid at room temperature
Used for food preparation
Examples
Olive oil
Vegetable oil
Sunflower oil
Sources of Edible Oil
Seeds
Soybeans
Sunflower
Sesame
Nuts
Olives
Coconuts
Animal fats
Traditionally used
Major traditionally cultivated oilseeds
Groundnut
Rapeseed
Sesame
Safflower
Linseed
Niger seed
Castor oil
India's Position
One of the largest producers globally
World's second-largest consumer
Primary importer of vegetable oil
Fulfillment of Edible Oil Demand
55-60% through imports
Major imports
Palm oil (62%)
From Indonesia
Malaysia
Soybean oil (22%)
From Argentina
Brazil
Sunflower oil (15%)
From Ukraine
Russia
Import policy
Open General License (OGL)
Reasons for Volatility in Edible Oil Prices
Ukraine-Russia war
Disrupted global edible oilseed supply
Year 2021-22
Black Sea Grain Initiative agreement
Facilitated by UN
Turkey
Reopened Ukrainian ports
Safe navigation
Surge in production
Decline in cotton output and yields
Affecting production of other oils
Coconut
Sesame
Sunflower
Increased reliance on imports
Government Initiatives
NMOE (OP)
National Mission on Edible Oils-Oil Palm
Centrally-sponsored scheme
Focus on northeast region
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
RKVY-RAFTAAR
Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana-Raftar
Supports state-level oilseed programs
EVEGOILS
Directorate of Sugar & Vegetable Oils
Data management platform
evegoils.nic.in
For the vegetable oil sector
NFSM-O&S (OP)
National Food Security Mission – Oilseeds and Oil Palm
Increase the production and productivity of oilseeds
Other Initiatives
Increasing the Minimum Support Price (MSP)
Organizing cluster demonstrations
For oilseed crop

Exercise MITRA SHAKTI-2023

Exercise MITRA SHAKTI-2023 mind map
Context
Ninth edition joint military exercise
Between India and Sri Lanka
In Aundh, Pune
Source: PIB
Other Major Exercises
Military Exercises
Indra (India-Russia)
Yudh Abhyas (India-USA)
Hand-in-Hand (India-China)
Shakti (India-France)
Mitra Shakti (India-Sri Lanka)
Sampriti (India-Bangladesh)
Surya Kiran (India-Nepal)
Air Force Exercises
Indradhanush (India-UK)
Garuda (India-France)
Cope India (India-USA)
SINDEX (India-Singapore)
Blue Flag (Multinational, includes India)
Red Flag (Multinational, includes India)
Naval Exercises
Malabar (India-USA-Japan-Australia)
Varuna (India-France)
SIMBEX (India-Singapore)
IBSAMAR (India-Brazil-South Africa)
Naseem-Al-Bahr (India-Oman)
SLINEX (India-Sri Lanka)

Cyprus Confidential

Cyprus Confidential mind map
Context
Investigative report by Indian Express and ICIJ
Exposes Cyprus as tax evasion, money laundering hub
Source: IE
Cyprus attracts investors
Through favourable conditions
Zero estate duty
No trust registration requirements
Golden Passport scheme
EU member status
Financial hub for Russian oligarchs
Tax haven definition
Jurisdiction with low tax rates
Tax evasion
Criminal act
Involves individuals, corporations
Illegal means to evade taxes
Misrepresenting or concealing financial state
State of Tax Justice Report 2023
Global loss to tax havens
$4.8 trillion over next 10 years
Comparable to GDP of Japan
Previous Reports on Tax Havens
Offshore Leaks (2013)
HSBC Swiss Leaks (2015)
Panama Papers (2016)
Paradise Papers (2017)
Pandora Papers (2021)
Cyprus geography
Island country in eastern Mediterranean Sea
South of Anatolian Peninsula
East of Levant
Geographically in Western Asia
Culturally South-eastern European

Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe

Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe mind map
Context
NATO allies condemn Russia's withdrawal
From Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE)
Source: Reuters
Russia's action
Formally withdrew from treaty
Blaming U.S. for undermining security
NATO response
Suspension of CFE Treaty's operation
Citing Russian undermining of Euro-Atlantic security
Treaty details
Signed in Paris
Negotiated during final years of Cold War
Objective
Reduce surprise armed attack risk in Europe
Established limits
On conventional military equipment
From Atlantic to Urals
Mandated destruction
Of excess weaponry
CFE Treaty importance
Referred to as cornerstone of European security

Gambusia fish

Gambusia fish mind map
Context
Unintended consequences of mosquitofish introduction
Gambusia affinis
Gambusia holbrooki
Source: TH
Initial introduction
1960s as biological control
To combat mosquito-borne diseases
Impact
Proliferation beyond intended habitats
Ecological and environmental problems
Mosquitofish origin
Originally from U.S.
Introduced in India
Prey on mosquito larvae
Adaptability and tolerance
Widespread distribution
Displacing native fauna
World Health Organization stance
Withdrawal of recommendation
For Gambusia in 1982
Designation as invasive alien species
By National Biodiversity Authority, India
Year: 2018
Continued release for mosquito control
By government and NGOs

Sea Buckthorn

Sea Buckthorn mind map
Context
Ladakh secures fourth Geographical Indication tag
For Ladakh Sea Buckthorn
Source: AIR
Sea Buckthorn in Ladakh
Highly profitable crop
90% production from region
About Sea Buckthorn
Shrub producing edible berry
Orange-yellow color
Found in Himalayan region
In dry areas
Cold deserts of Ladakh
Spiti
Plantation benefits
Ecological
Medicinal
Economical

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