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[Newsbits] 27.11.2023

Santhosh Kumar 28/11/2023
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newsbits mindmap notes

Exclusion of CERT-In from RTI Ambit

Exclusion of CERT-In from RTI Ambit mind map Government Decision Exemption rationale Not specified in available sources Issued by Personnel Ministry CERT-In Full name Computer Emergency Response Team-India Role National nodal agency Responds to computer security incidents Enhances security awareness Issues guidelines and advisories Under Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology Significance Safeguards digital infrastructure Addresses cybersecurity challenges Involvement in incidents Investigated ransomware attack on AIIMS (Nov 2022) Exemption from RTI November 24, 2023, amendment Added to Second Schedule of RTI Act Serial number 27 in exempted organisations Limits transparency in cybersecurity Impacts public information access Cybersecurity incidents Response strategies Digital security governance RTI Act Full name Right to Information Act, 2005 Empowers citizens Seek time-bound information From government organisations Exemptions Certain intelligence and security organizations Excludes corruption and human rights violation allegations Exempted entities Intelligence Bureau Research and Analysis Wing Directorate of Revenue Intelligence Aviation Research Centre Enforcement Directorate 26 others before CERT-In Amendments Section 24 amended for CERT-In exemption Last amended in 2016 Addition of Strategic Forces Command Other Ministry of Defence entities listed Defence Research and Development Organisation Border Roads Development Board Public Concerns Transparency and accountability Especially in cybersecurity Necessity of public awareness Transparency in cybersecurity

Salmonella outbreak

Salmonella outbreak mind map Outbreak details Total cases: 1,072 Affected regions United States States: 48 states and Puerto Rico Cases and hospitalizations Total cases: 99 (as of November 24, 2023) Hospitalizations: 45 Deaths: 2 (in Minnesota) Canada Provinces: British Columbia, Ontario, Quebec, Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Labrador Cases and hospitalizations Total cases: 63 (as of November 24, 2023) Hospitalizations: 17 Deaths: 1 Onset dates Range: January 1, 2023, to September 25, 2023 Causative agent Salmonella strains Salmonella Soahanina Salmonella Sundsvall Salmonella Oranienburg Source of outbreak Linked to cantaloupes Brands Malichita Rudy Recalled food products Whole cantaloupes Brands Malichita Rudy Other affected brands Sold at Retail stores in various states and Canada Cut cantaloupes Products made from recalled cantaloupes Cantaloupe chunks, melon medleys, fruit mixes Sold at Stores in Oklahoma, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, North Carolina, Ohio, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia Symptoms of Salmonella infection Common symptoms Diarrhea Fever Abdominal cramps Onset period 6 hours to 6 days after exposure Duration 4 to 7 days High-risk groups Children under 5 years Adults over 65 years People with weakened immune systems Safety advice For consumers Avoid recalled cantaloupes and products Wash items and surfaces in contact with recalled fruit Seek medical attention for severe symptoms For businesses Do not sell or serve recalled cantaloupes Sanitize items and surfaces in contact with recalled fruit Ongoing investigations Agencies involved U.S. CDC U.S. FDA Canadian PHAC CFIA Efforts Identifying additional contaminated products Investigating potential cases

Ayushman Arogya Mandir

Ayushman Arogya Mandir mind map Background Ayushman Bharat Program Also known as Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PMJAY) Focuses on accessible, affordable healthcare Targeted at economically vulnerable sections Health and Wellness Centres (HWCs) Primary healthcare providers Offer services Disease prevention Health promotion Comprehensive wellness Renaming Initiative Decision by Central Government Implementation Directed by Union Health Ministry All states and Union Territories By end of 2023 Purpose Align with cultural, aspirational sentiments Renewed sense of purpose and identity New Tagline 'Arogyam Parmam Dhanam' Meaning: 'Health is the ultimate wealth' Emphasizes Importance of health Commitment to public health infrastructure Implementation Details Rebranding Exercise Upload photographs of rebranded facilities On AB-HWC portal Retention of National Health Mission (NHM) logo Funds allocation Rs.3,000 per facility Translation and Transliteration Full title in state languages Tagline transliterated in state languages Significance Culturally resonant, aspirational framework Contributes to Health empowerment Inclusivity in healthcare Over 1.6 lakh AB-HWCs established Across states and UTs over the last five years Footfalls 219 crore till date Services Provided Maternal and child health services Free essential drugs and diagnostic services Screenings and wellness sessions Hypertension, diabetes, cancers (oral, breast, cervical) Over 2.71 crore wellness sessions

Basic Animal Husbandry Statistics 2023 Report

Basic Animal Husbandry Statistics 2023 Report mind map Report Overview Released by Union Minister Parshottam Rupala Based on Animal Integrated Sample Survey March 2022 - February 2023 Focus Milk Production Egg Production Meat Production Wool Production Purpose Highlight growth in livestock production Milk Production Total Production 2022-23 230.58 million tonnes Growth 3.8% year-on-year 22.81% over the past 5 years Top Producing States Uttar Pradesh - 15.72% Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh Highest Growth States Karnataka, West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh Egg Production Total Production 2022-23 138.38 billion Growth 6.7% year-on-year 33.31% over the past 5 years Top Producing States Andhra Pradesh - 20.13% Tamil Nadu, Telangana, West Bengal, Karnataka Highest Growth States West Bengal, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh Meat Production Total Production 2022-23 9.77 million tonnes Growth 5% year-on-year 20.39% over the past 5 years Top Producing States Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana Highest Growth States Sikkim, Meghalaya, Goa Wool Production Total Production 2022-23 33.61 million kg Growth 2.1% year-on-year -16.8% over the past 5 years Top Producing States Rajasthan, Jammu & Kashmir, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Himachal Pradesh Highest Growth States Arunachal Pradesh, Rajasthan, Jharkhand Significance Highlights Livestock sector performance Substantial growth in livestock production Impact on Agricultural economy Rural livelihoods Reflects Technological advancements Policy impact in animal husbandry

Compressed Biogas (CBG)

Compressed Biogas (CBG) mind map Recent Developments (Nov 2023) Mandatory blending In CNG and PNG Starts FY 2025-26 Phased manner 1% in FY 2025-26 3% in FY 2027 4% in FY 2028 5% from FY 2029 onwards Central Repository Body (CRB) Monitors and implements blending mandate Objectives Stimulate CBG demand in CGD sector Reduce LNG imports Save foreign exchange Promote circular economy Contribute to net-zero emission target Investments and Projects Rs 37,500 crore investment expected 750 CBG projects by FY 2029 National Biofuels Coordination Committee (NBCC) Approved decision Chaired by Petroleum Minister Hardeep Singh Puri Targets Transportation sector Domestic sector Definition Biogas from biomass decomposition Precursor to CBG production Over 90% methane content Sources Agricultural residue Cattle dung Sugarcane press mud Municipal solid waste Sewage treatment plant waste Comparison Resembles natural gas Similar energy potential Government Initiatives SATAT scheme (2018) Sustainable Alternative Towards Affordable Transportation Aimed to establish 5000 CBG plants by 2023 Slow progress Only 48 CBG units set up Aimed to produce 15 million tonnes of CBG Parliamentary Standing Committee Recommendations Concerned about sluggish CBG progress Suggested financial assistance For entrepreneurs establishing CBG units Urged public sector investment To demonstrate viability Instill investor confidence Global Context India's initiatives Among world's largest importers of oil and gas Aims to reduce fuel import bill Ethanol blending Achieved 10% blending before Nov 2022 target Advanced 20% ethanol blending target to 2025 Sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) targets 1% by 2027 for domestic flights 2% by 2028 for international flights

India-US Cultural Property Agreement (CPA)

India-US Cultural Property Agreement (CPA) mind map Recent Developments Agreement with US Signed in November 2023 Simplifies return of stolen antiquities Implications US offers items back without proof from India Import restrictions in the US Stop entry of looted, stolen cultural property Encourage legal sharing for scientific, cultural, educational purposes Interception of smuggled goods at the border Automatic offering of items for return Prime Minister Narendra Modi's Role Emphasis on repatriation Raised issue during foreign visits Cultural Property Advisory Committee White House-appointed Recommends to Department of State Who Collaboration between Union Ministry of Culture, Indian Embassy in Washington Background Importance of Cultural Property Defined by UNESCO 1970 Convention Importance for archaeology, prehistory, history, literature, art, science Indian Laws for Cultural Heritage Antiquities and Art Treasures Act (AATA) 1972 Defines antiquity Coin, sculpture, painting, epigraph, other art over 100 years old Manuscript, record, document over 75 years old Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act 1958 Prompted by incidents of theft No export without government permission Selling antiquities requires ASI license Current Repatriation Process Provenance Establishment Through FIRs, pictorial evidence Verification by ASI Custodian of antiquities Team of experts assesses objects Knowledge, iconography, wear-and-tear analysis Significance of the Agreement Prevents illegal trafficking From India to the US Eliminates funding sources for terrorism, organized crime Simplifies repatriation process Early return of antiquities Template for future agreements With other countries Over 400 antiquities returned since 2014 Importance of cultural heritage to India and US

Neanderthals

Neanderthals mind map Recent discoveries Oldest known Neanderthal cave engravings discovered Study casts doubt on Neanderthal 'flower burial' theory Speech capabilities Study on bone structure in skulls Digital reconstruction of bones Findings suggest capacity to hear and produce human-like speech Homo neanderthalensis Distinct human species Closest ancient human relatives Shared common ancestor with Homo sapiens Evolutionary history Earliest Neanderthal-like fossils around 430,000 years old Best-known Neanderthals lived between 130,000 and 40,000 years ago Physical characteristics Long, low skull with prominent brow ridge Adapted to cold environments Short limbs and torso for heat conservation Wide noses for warming and humidifying air Similar appearance to modern humans Lifestyle Adaptable to different environments Cold steppe environments in England and Siberia about 60,000 years ago Warm temperate woodlands in Spain and Italy about 120,000 years ago Social complexity suggests ability to communicate Genetic makeup Several Neanderthal genomes reconstructed from ancient DNA Modern humans have inherited around 2% Neanderthal DNA Tools and technology Made and used diverse set of sophisticated tools Controlled fire Made and wore clothing Hunting Skilled hunters of large animals Culture Made symbolic or ornamental objects Deliberately buried their dead Marked graves with offerings Extinction theories Climate change Aggression of Homo sapiens Competition for resources Interbreeding with Homo sapiens

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