Despite comprehensive policies for equity and social justice, underprivileged sections are not yet getting the full benefits of affirmative action envisaged by the Constitution. Comment. (250 words)
Affirmative action in India, rooted in the Constitution, aims to uplift marginalized communities like Scheduled Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs), and Other Backward Classes (OBCs) through reservations in education and employment. Despite comprehensive policies, these groups often do not fully benefit due to various challenges.
Challenges in Implementation
- Lack of Awareness: Many underprivileged individuals are unaware of their rights and entitlements under affirmative action policies, hindering access to benefits.
- Bureaucratic Hurdles: Obtaining necessary documentation, such as caste certificates, is often cumbersome, preventing eligible individuals from accessing benefits.
- Creamy Layer Issue: The concept of the creamy layer allows affluent individuals within reserved categories to benefit, leaving the truly marginalized at a disadvantage.
- Social Stigma: Beneficiaries of affirmative action often face discrimination and stigma, which can negate the benefits of these policies.
- Elite Capture: Politically and economically powerful individuals within reserved categories sometimes dominate benefits, limiting access for the most marginalized.
Constitutional Provisions
- Article 15(4) and Article 16(4): These articles allow for reservations in educational institutions and government jobs to promote social justice.
- Mandal Commission Report (1980): Expanded reservations to include OBCs, reflecting a commitment to addressing caste-based disparities.
Government Initiatives
- PM Vishwakarma and PM SVANidhi: Programs aimed at supporting economic activities among marginalized groups are being intensified.
- Stand-Up India Scheme: Launched to promote entrepreneurship at the grassroots level for SCs, STs, and women entrepreneurs.
Affirmative action policies need continuous evaluation and reform to address evolving social dynamics. Emphasizing transparency and accountability can enhance their effectiveness.
