Examine the need for electoral reforms as suggested by various committees with particular reference to “one nation-one election” principle. (150 words)
Electoral reforms in India aim to address issues like corruption, high election expenditure, and frequent elections, which disrupt governance. The Law Commission (2018) and NITI Aayog suggested comprehensive reforms, particularly the “One Nation-One Election” principle, to streamline the election process .
Need for Electoral Reforms:
- Reducing Election Costs: Multiple elections increase costs. The Election Commission estimated ₹60,000 crores were spent in the 2019 elections . One-time elections can significantly reduce public expenditure.
- Minimizing Policy Paralysis: Frequent elections lead to the Model Code of Conduct implementation, delaying governance. Simultaneous polls can ensure uninterrupted policy execution.
- Curtailing Electoral Malpractices: Multiple elections allow corrupt practices like vote-buying. Conducting all elections together would reduce opportunities for malpractice.
- Boosting Voter Turnout: Simultaneous elections can increase voter participation, evident from the 2019 general election’s turnout of 67.11% , as compared to lower turnouts in some state polls.
- Ensuring Efficient Deployment of Security Forces: Single-phase elections would free up security personnel for other national duties, enhancing national security.
“One Nation-One Election” Principle:
This principle advocates conducting Lok Sabha, State Assembly, and local body elections simultaneously every five years. The 79th Report of the Parliamentary Committee (2015) emphasized that it would bring administrative efficiency and political stability .
Conclusion: Electoral reforms, including “One Nation-One Election,” can reduce costs and improve governance. Implementing these reforms requires political consensus, legal amendments, and awareness campaigns.
