What is the present world scenario of intellectual property rights with respect to life materials? Although, India is second in the world to file patents, still only a few have been commercialized. Explain the reasons behind this less commercialization. (150 words)
The current global scenario for Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) concerning life materials (plants, genes, etc.) is marked by disputes over bio-piracy, monopolies, and patent rights. In 2023, countries are tightening regulations to protect indigenous resources while encouraging innovation.
Present World Scenario of IPR with Respect to Life Materials:
- Bio-Patent Controversy: Developed nations often claim patents over indigenous biological materials, causing disputes (e.g., neem and turmeric patents on Indian life forms).
- Biotechnology Dominance: Global firms hold significant patents in genetically modified organisms (GMOs), giving them monopolistic control (e.g., Monsanto in seeds).
- Access and Benefit Sharing: The 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) led to countries emphasizing fair benefit-sharing, but its implementation is still inconsistent.
Reasons Behind Less Commercialization of Patents in India:
- High Costs of Commercialization: Costs for developing, marketing, and regulatory approvals often deter commercialization of patents, especially for small firms.
- Lack of Industry-Academia Linkages: Insufficient collaboration between research institutions and industries limits the transformation of patents into marketable products.
- Inadequate Funding: Limited venture capital and government funding hinder startups from commercializing patents.
- Weak Infrastructure: Inadequate labs, testing facilities, and incubation centers reduce the potential for patent commercialization.
Conclusion: To enhance commercialization, India must foster industry-academia partnerships, provide funding, and improve infrastructure, ensuring IPR benefits the economy.
