India has a long and troubled border with China and Pakistan fraught with contentious issues. Examine the conflicting issues and security challenges along the border. Also give out the development being undertaken in these areas under the Border Area Development Programme (BADP) and Border Infrastructure Management (BIM) Scheme. (250 words)
India’s borders with China (3,488 km) and Pakistan (3,323 km) are historically contentious, marked by disputes like Aksai Chin, Siachen, and the Line of Control (LoC), often leading to security challenges.
Conflicting Issues and Security Challenges:
- Territorial Disputes with China: Frequent skirmishes, such as the 2020 Galwan Valley clash, occur over claims in Aksai Chin and Arunachal Pradesh, heightening tensions.
- Ceasefire Violations by Pakistan: Regular shelling and infiltration attempts along the LoC in Jammu & Kashmir threaten peace and security.
- Cross-border Terrorism: Pakistan-backed terrorist infiltrations in Kashmir, as evident from the 2019 Pulwama attack, remain a major challenge.
- China’s Aggressive Posture: The deployment of troops and infrastructure development by China in Ladakh and the Doklam Plateau pose strategic threats.
- Drug and Arms Smuggling: The porous borders with Pakistan and China facilitate the illegal trafficking of arms and narcotics, affecting internal security.
Development under BADP and BIM Scheme:
- Border Area Development Programme (BADP):
- Infrastructure Development: Over ₹10,000 crores spent since inception, with ₹784 crores allocated in 2023 for roads, schools, and health centers.
- Skill Development and Employment: Projects in agriculture and handicrafts generate employment, boosting local economies.
- Border Infrastructure Management (BIM) Scheme:
- Road and Rail Connectivity: Construction of strategic roads like the Darbuk-Shyok-Daulat Beg Oldie (DSDBO) road strengthens military mobility.
- Smart Fencing: Implementation of the Comprehensive Integrated Border Management System (CIBMS) enhances surveillance and security.
Conclusion: Strengthening infrastructure and economic development in border areas through BADP and BIM is crucial for India’s security and regional stability.
