[Newsbits] 12-30.09.2024: PM Vishwakarma Scheme, White Revolution 2.0 & more

India has moved up to 39th place in the Global Innovation Index (GII) 2024, marking significant progress since 2015. India leads in innovation in Central and Southern Asia and ranks 1st among lower-middle-income countries. Cities like Mumbai, Delhi, Bengaluru, and Chennai are recognized among the top 100 global Science & Technology clusters. The GII, started in 2007 by WIPO, INSEAD, and Cornell University, evaluates factors like human capital, infrastructure, and market sophistication. India’s rise in innovation is driven by strong investment in R&D, education, and supportive policies for startups.

Scientists at the BRIC-CDFD in Hyderabad have discovered a new protein regulation process involving Wntless (WLS), a protein critical for vertebrate development. WLS ensures proper organ development by releasing Wnt3a, but its levels depend on recycling controlled by EYA proteins. Without EYA, WLS is broken down, disrupting essential signalling pathways. The study, tested in organisms like zebrafish, shows that missing EYA proteins cause developmental disorders. Future research could focus on chemicals that stabilize or disrupt EYA proteins, potentially leading to treatments for developmental issues in vertebrates.

The Eastern Rajasthan Canal Project (ERCP), announced by the BJP in 2017-18, aims to improve water management for 13 districts in Rajasthan and the Malwa and Chambal regions of Madhya Pradesh. It will supply drinking and industrial water and irrigate 5.6 lakh hectares of land. The project includes the Modified Parbati-Kalisindh-Chambal (PKC) link as part of India’s national river-linking initiative. Talks between Rajasthan’s CM Bhajan Lal Sharma and Union Water Minister CR Paatil have advanced, and a formal agreement covering water sharing, costs, and execution is expected soon.

India will host the World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA) from October 14-24, 2024, marking the first time the event is held in Asia. Organized by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), WTSA sets global telecom standards, crucial for technologies like 5G and 6G. The Department of Telecommunications (DoT) has initiated Outreach Sessions to engage over 500 students in major cities, helping them understand telecom innovations. The 5G-6G Hackathon 2024 encourages solutions for India’s specific needs, while side events like the ITU Kaleidoscope Conference promote innovation, inclusivity, and AI applications in telecom.

The Karnataka government has rejected the Kasturirangan Committee report, which aimed to protect ecologically sensitive areas (ESAs) in the Western Ghats. The report, created in 2012, proposed balancing environmental conservation with local community involvement. However, political opposition, particularly from districts like Shivamogga and Udupi, led the government to reject the report due to concerns about its impact on livelihoods, such as farming and construction. This decision raises questions about how Karnataka will protect the Western Ghats while addressing local development needs and political pressures.

A recent global study shows that one in three children now has myopia (short-sightedness), with a significant rise linked to increased screen time and reduced outdoor activity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Myopia cases have tripled since 1990, with 85% of children in Japan and 73% in South Korea affected. In contrast, some countries like Paraguay and Uganda have much lower rates. Experts recommend children spend at least two hours outdoors daily to prevent myopia, which often begins in childhood and can worsen until age 20. Treatments include glasses, contact lenses, and new therapies like orthokeratology.

The Mankidia community in Odisha has been granted habitat rights, making them the sixth Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG) to receive this recognition under the Forest Rights Act, 2006. The Mankidia, a semi-nomadic group known for rope-making, depend on forest resources for their livelihood and culture. This legal recognition allows them access to their ancestral lands, ensuring their rights over forest areas. Odisha leads in granting habitat rights to PVTGs, having recognized six communities so far. Challenges like deforestation and dwindling population still pose risks to the Mankidia’s future, emphasizing the need for sustainable development.

Russia and China have initiated the massive “Ocean-24” naval exercises from September 10-16, 2024, marking the largest joint military drills in 30 years. Involving over 400 warships, 120 aircraft, and 90,000 personnel, the exercises span the Sea of Japan, Pacific, Arctic, Mediterranean, Caspian, and Baltic Seas. The drills aim to improve coordination in defending against large-scale sea attacks, handling drone threats, and conducting amphibious operations. This significant collaboration strengthens Russia-China military ties and signals their growing global military influence, potentially affecting alliances and global security dynamics.

India has risen to third place in the Asia Power Index, surpassing Japan due to strong post-pandemic economic recovery and diplomatic initiatives. The Asia Power Index, compiled by the Lowy Institute, measures the power of 27 countries in the Asia-Pacific region. India’s score improved with its large population, growing GDP, and increased diplomatic influence through strategic efforts like the Quad. Under Prime Minister Modi’s leadership, India follows a non-aligned strategy, managing complex geopolitical issues. Despite the progress, India still has potential to further leverage its resources for greater global influence.

The Women in Space Leadership Programme (WiSLP), launched by India’s Department of Science and Technology (DST) in collaboration with the British Council, aims to increase women’s leadership roles in space sciences. Part of the UK-India Education and Research Initiative (UKIERI), the program targets 250 early-career women researchers, focusing on overcoming gender biases and creating sustainable mentorship networks. Workshops will help shape policies promoting gender equality in space sciences. Key partners include Coventry University and experts like Vandana Singh, with a long-term goal of fostering more inclusive innovation in space-related fields.

The release of the India State of Forest Report (ISFR) 2023, delayed for over a year, has raised concerns about a possible decline in forest cover. Published by the Forest Survey of India, ISFR provides crucial data on forest health. The 2021 report indicated slight growth, but concerns over classification persist. Recent amendments to forest laws, allowing development on unclassified forest land, have alarmed environmentalists. Legal oversight from the Supreme Court aims to enhance transparency. Deforestation data from Global Forest Watch suggests major losses in natural forests, contradicting government claims of forest growth.

India’s first CO2-to-methanol pilot plant, located in Pune at Thermax Limited, focuses on Carbon Capture and Utilisation (CCU) technology, converting 1.4 tonnes of CO2 per day into methanol. This project is a collaborative initiative between IIT Delhi and Thermax Limited, supported by the Department of Science and Technology under a Public-Private Partnership. Costing ₹31 crore, the plant aligns with India’s Panchamrit climate goals to reduce carbon emissions, as outlined at COP 26. It represents India’s efforts in combating climate change, though challenges like scaling the technology and ensuring cost-effectiveness remain.

Summary: The ‘Dust-Free Delhi’ initiative, launched by Lieutenant Governor V K Saxena, aims to reduce air pollution in Delhi, particularly before winter when pollution worsens. The main focus is on road dust, stubble burning, vehicle emissions, construction dust, and solid waste. Key agencies involved include the MCD, PWD, and DJB, with oversight by a high-level task force led by P K Mishra, Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister. The drive involves removing mud and silt from roads and addressing multiple pollution sources through a coordinated strategy to improve air quality and reduce health risks.

Summary: The Indian Parliament will host the 10th Commonwealth Parliamentary Association (CPA) India Region Conference in New Delhi, chaired by Lok Sabha Speaker Om Birla. With 46 Presiding Officers, 25 Speakers, and other key representatives from India’s states and union territories participating, the conference will discuss the theme, “The Role of Legislative Bodies in the Attainment of Sustainable and Inclusive Development.” Established in 2004, the CPA India Region aims to enhance democratic practices and legislative cooperation. The CPA, founded in 1911 with 54 member nations, promotes governance, democracy, and gender equality among Commonwealth countries.

Summary: The Union Agriculture Ministry recently held a National Conference to implement Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) under the Digital Agriculture Mission. The conference aimed to strengthen cooperation between the Central and State Governments, focusing on initiatives like Agri Stack, Krishi DSS, and soil profile mapping to improve agricultural service delivery. Key discussions included enhancing digital platforms, farmer registry systems, and integrating technology in agriculture. The release of guidelines and handbooks provided structured guidance for state-level implementation. The initiative aims to make agriculture more efficient, but challenges like infrastructure setup and farmer digital literacy need addressing for successful implementation.

Researchers from Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST) and Government Engineering College, Barton Hill (GECBH) have developed a portable X-ray protection barrier to enhance safety during X-ray-based histopathology. The barrier, created in collaboration with Hesper Tech Pvt. Ltd., reduces radiation exposure from several millihertz to microhertz, significantly improving safety for healthcare workers. Tested at the Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, the device was found effective. SCTIMST, established in 1976, is a leading institution in biomedical technology, known for its advanced medical research and international collaborations.

The Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD), in collaboration with IWWAGE, organized a National Conclave on Gender Mainstreaming in New Delhi to make rural development programs more gender-sensitive. The event focused on integrating gender considerations into the Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana – National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM). Key discussions included empowering women, addressing unpaid care work, and strengthening Self-Help Groups (SHGs). The conclave featured panel discussions on gender-responsive community institutions, convergence pathways, program design integration, and advocacy, aiming to promote women’s empowerment and inclusivity in rural programs.

The Asian Development Bank (ADB) is funding a Rs 530 crore project to improve the water supply in 12 cities of Tripura, benefiting around 400,000 people and 75,000 families. Launched by Chief Minister Manik Saha under the Mukhyamantri Nagar Unnayan Prakalp scheme, the initiative involves installing 305 km of pipelines, 25 tubewells, 18 iron removal plants, four water treatment plants, and 19 reservoirs. The project, expected to be completed in three years, will later expand to cover eight more cities. ADB, established in 1966, focuses on sustainable development and poverty reduction across its 68 member countries.

The ‘Ek Ped Maa Ke Naam’ app, launched nationwide by Union Minister Jyotiraditya M. Scindia on October 10, 2023, promotes environmental conservation by encouraging people to plant trees in honor of their mothers. Originally introduced in Madhya Pradesh in 2020, the app allows users to track tree growth, earn carbon credits, and share their contributions on social media. With features like photo uploads, location tracking, and progress monitoring, it combines personal celebration with ecological conservation. The app aims to inspire wider community involvement in sustainable practices and will soon be available on the Google Play Store.

Launched in 2020, the Nagar Van Yojana (NVY) aims to increase greenery in urban areas across India. The initiative exceeded its target by creating 111 urban forests, known as Nagar Vans, in six states and one union territory within the first 100 days. With a goal of establishing 1,000 Nagar Vans by 2027, the project promotes biodiversity, community participation, and environmental education. The government provides Rs. 4 lakh per hectare for each forest, which covers areas between 10 to 50 hectares. Supported by CAMPA, NVY addresses climate change, air quality, and habitat loss in cities.

Anura Kumara Dissanayake was elected as Sri Lanka’s President, marking a break from traditional leadership by securing 42.31% of the votes. As the leader of the left-wing Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (JVP), his victory signifies the public’s demand for change and reflects frustration with established political elites amid economic hardships. Dissanayake, with a rural upbringing and grassroots political experience, transformed the JVP from a militant group into a mainstream political party. While his presidency brings hope for anti-corruption and economic reform, concerns about the JVP’s governance capabilities and adapting to democratic processes remain significant challenges.

Kaziranga National Park in Assam has seen an 86% reduction in rhino poaching since 2016, thanks to focused conservation efforts by the Assam government, led by Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma, and the Indian government under Prime Minister Narendra Modi. Anti-poaching measures, including 233 camps and a special protection force, have significantly protected the one-horned rhinos, with over 2,850 now present in Assam. Kaziranga houses 2,613 of them. This UNESCO World Heritage Site’s success is due to effective anti-poaching strategies, habitat expansion, and community involvement, making it a global model for wildlife conservation.

The Union Cabinet, led by Prime Minister Modi, has approved the development of the Next Generation Launch Vehicle (NGLV), designed by ISRO, to expand India’s space program. Expected to have its first flight by 2025, the NGLV can carry up to 30 tonnes to Low Earth Orbit, three times more than the current LVM3 rocket, and features reusable parts and green propulsion technology. It will support ambitious missions, including building the Indian Space Station and crewed Moon missions by 2040. The NGLV’s modular design, cost-effectiveness, and focus on sustainability will strengthen India’s role in space exploration.

India and the US have signed a landmark agreement to establish a semiconductor fabrication plant named “Shakti.” This collaboration is a significant technological step involving advanced semiconductors like infrared, gallium nitride, and silicon carbide. It is the first instance of the US Military partnering with India on such a project, with Bharat Semi and 3rdiTech leading the Indian side and the US Space Force participating. The initiative will reduce India’s reliance on semiconductor imports, enhance national security, and support sectors like telecommunications and green energy, marking a new era in Indo-US technology cooperation.

Summary: ISRO, along with IN-SPACe and NSIL, recently signed 75 Technology Transfer Agreements (TTAs) with private firms, marking a major step in India’s space sector reforms. These TTAs grant private companies access to ISRO’s space technologies, enabling their application in sectors like agriculture, energy, defense, and telecommunications. The collaboration aims to solve real-world problems, boost commercial innovation, and create a robust space economy. This initiative represents a strategic shift in India’s space policy, emphasizing the growing role of the private sector and driving India’s goal to become a global leader in space technology.

The World Health Organization (WHO) has officially recognized Jordan as the first country to eliminate leprosy, marking a significant public health achievement. For over 20 years, Jordan has reported no indigenous cases, showcasing the country’s effective health programs and political will. WHO’s verification confirms Jordan’s status, serving as an example for other nations battling this neglected tropical disease. Leprosy, or Hansen’s disease, affects over 200,000 people worldwide annually. Jordan’s success highlights the potential to overcome diseases through coordinated efforts, vigilance, and ongoing awareness campaigns, while continuing to monitor and prevent future cases.

The National Achievement Survey (NAS) 2024, set for December 4, will assess around 5 million students from Classes 3, 6, and 9 across 792 districts in India. Conducted in 26 languages, including six new ones, NAS uses a competency-based model to evaluate how well students apply their knowledge in real-world situations. Organized by NCERT, the survey covers diverse socio-economic factors, with results available in February 2025. The survey’s insights will inform education policies, especially in addressing learning losses from COVID-19, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of student performance across India.

The Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (Quad), an informal alliance of India, Australia, Japan, and the United States, aims to maintain a free and open Indo-Pacific region. Formed in 2007 and revitalized in 2017, the Quad addresses regional security, climate change, technology, cybersecurity, health, and infrastructure development. Key initiatives include the Clean Energy Supply Chains, Open RAN pilot in Palau, and Quad Vaccine Partnership. While the Quad promotes stability, it indirectly counters China’s influence, striving to uphold a rules-based order. Regular meetings and cooperation strengthen the Quad’s role in addressing challenges and fostering collaboration in the Indo-Pacific.

The Indian Cabinet has approved the Chandrayaan-4, Venus Orbiter mission, and Bharatiya Antariksh Station (BAS), marking a major step in India’s space exploration goals. Chandrayaan-4 will focus on collecting moon samples, building on Chandrayaan-3’s success, while the Venus mission expands India’s planetary research. The BAS project, aimed to be fully operational by 2035, will support astronauts for up to 20 days and strengthen India’s Gaganyaan program. These missions, announced by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, underscore India’s ambition to advance space exploration, prepare for a manned moon mission by 2040, and establish a self-sustained human presence in space.

Researchers at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) have developed a nanomaterial to clean chromium contamination in groundwater using iron nanoparticles. This on-site treatment method, enhanced with a carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) coating, prevents clumping and increases efficiency, converting toxic Cr6+ into a safer Cr3+ form. The improved S-CMC-nZVI nanomaterial removes 99% of chromium, even under different pH levels and competing conditions. This breakthrough offers a sustainable solution for treating polluted sites like Bengaluru’s Bellandur Lake and represents a significant step in addressing heavy metal contamination, with plans to scale up and test the technology on a larger scale.

Taiwan has officially legalized same-sex marriage registration for cross-strait couples, allowing Taiwanese and Chinese partners to marry under the same process as heterosexual couples. This landmark decision builds on Taiwan’s 2019 legalization of same-sex marriage, making it the first Asian country to do so. The new policy requires couples to marry in one of the 35 countries recognizing same-sex marriage and undergo an interview process. Despite ongoing political tensions with China and citizenship challenges for Chinese spouses, Taiwan’s decision highlights its commitment to LGBTQ rights, setting a positive example for marriage equality in Asia.

Zimbabwe plans to cull 200 elephants in response to a severe drought, aiming to address food shortages and reduce human-wildlife conflict. The country’s elephant population exceeds 84,000, but the land can only support around 45,000, leading to resource strain. Environment Minister Sithembiso Nyoni announced the decision, inspired by Namibia’s similar approach. While culling may reduce conflicts and protect communities, it faces criticism from wildlife advocates concerned about the impact on conservation. The focus is on balancing wildlife management with human needs, exploring non-lethal control methods, and addressing the challenges posed by climate change.

The 2024 State of Rhino Report reveals that the Greater One-Horned Rhino, also known as the Indian Rhino, is highly vulnerable to climate change, poaching, and habitat loss. Despite conservation efforts raising its population to about 4,014, it remains classified as Vulnerable by the IUCN. Poaching rates have increased by 4% in Africa, affecting rhino populations, especially in Namibia and South African parks. The Greater One-Horned Rhino, primarily found in India and Nepal, faces threats from changing monsoon patterns and human conflicts. Strengthening anti-poaching efforts, managing habitats, and community involvement are crucial for its survival.

The NHS Blood and Transplant (NHSBT) and the University of Bristol have discovered the MAL blood group system, the 47th official blood group system, solving a long-standing mystery about the AnWj antigen. This breakthrough enables better blood transfusion safety, especially for rare cases, and allows precise genotyping tests for identifying AnWj-negative individuals. The MAL blood group includes M and N antigens linked to the glycophorin A protein, impacting disease susceptibility and infection risk. This discovery will help around 400 patients globally each year, highlighting the importance of accurate blood matching for safe transfusions.

India seeks modifications to the Indus Waters Treaty (IWT) with Pakistan, citing modern challenges like population growth, climate change, and cross-border terrorism. The treaty, signed in 1960, shares water from the Indus River system, with India controlling the Eastern Rivers and Pakistan the Western Rivers. Recent disputes over Indian hydropower projects on the Kishanganga and Chenab rivers have intensified the need for renegotiation. India invoked Article XII(3) to request changes, emphasizing the need to update the treaty’s terms. Despite tensions, the IWT remains one of the most successful water-sharing agreements in history, and ongoing diplomatic efforts aim to resolve the issues.

August 2024 became the hottest August ever recorded in 175 years, with global temperatures rising 2.29°F (1.27°C) above the 20th-century average. Regions like Europe and Oceania experienced their hottest August, while Asia, Africa, and North America faced extreme temperatures. Sea ice levels declined, with Arctic and Antarctic ice reaching record lows. These trends, reported by NOAA, underscore the urgent need for climate action as global warming continues to impact ecosystems, weather patterns, and human health. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions and investing in renewable energy are critical steps to address this climate crisis.

Angkor Wat was named the most photogenic UNESCO World Heritage site in Asia by Times Travel in 2024, as announced by Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Manet. Featured alongside iconic sites like the Taj Mahal and the Great Wall of China, Angkor Wat stands out for its cultural significance and stunning architecture. The temple welcomed 651,857 international visitors in the first eight months of 2024, generating $30.3 million in revenue. Built in the early 12th century, Angkor Wat is the world’s largest religious monument and symbolizes Cambodia’s rich heritage, gaining global recognition as a must-visit destination.

The NPS Vatsalya Scheme, introduced in July 2024, allows parents and guardians to start saving for their child’s future through the National Pension System. Open to Indian citizens and NRIs, the scheme offers flexible contributions starting from ₹1,000 per year and investment options, including equity and debt allocations. The account matures when the child turns 18, converting to a regular NPS Tier I account. Partial withdrawals are allowed after three years for education and medical needs. The scheme promotes early financial planning, taking advantage of compounding growth, and aims to secure long-term financial stability for children.

India is set to launch its Carbon Credit Trading Scheme (CCTS) by 2026 to reduce harmful emissions, aligning with global climate goals. Announced in June 2023, the CCTS allows industries exceeding emission reduction targets to sell credits, while those failing to meet targets must buy them. This initiative supports India’s commitment to cut emissions intensity by 45% by 2030 under the Paris Agreement and reach net-zero by 2070. The Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) oversees the scheme, which faces challenges like setting strong targets and ensuring compliance. India’s carbon market aims to mirror similar global efforts, such as the EU’s CBAM and China’s program.

Sub-Saharan Africa faces severe challenges due to unsafe water and poor sanitation, leading to widespread diseases and economic losses. With over 50 deaths per 100,000 people linked to unsafe water and 40% of WASH-related deaths occurring in just 10 African countries, the crisis is urgent. Inadequate sanitation affects children most, causing 254,000 deaths under five in 2021 and contributing to stunted growth. The economic impact is significant, reducing GDP by up to 6%. Open defecation remains a major issue, with 196 million people practicing it. Addressing these problems requires international support, improved infrastructure, and better public health education.

The 2024 Booker Prize has shortlisted six finalists, with five women making history as nominees. The shortlist, announced on September 16, includes notable authors like Percival Everett (“James”), Rachel Kushner (“Creation Lake”), Samantha Harvey (“Orbital”), Anne Michaels (“Held”), Charlotte Wood (“Stone Yard Devotional”), and Yael van der Wouden (“The Safekeep”). The prize, open to fiction published in the U.K. and Ireland, awards £50,000 to the winner, to be announced on November 12. The Booker Prize, established in 1969, aims to celebrate exceptional fiction and has expanded its inclusivity over the years.

The Subhadra Yojana, launched by the Odisha government, aims to provide financial assistance to women aged 21-60 from economically weaker backgrounds. Celebrating PM Modi’s 74th birthday, the scheme offers ₹10,000 annually, split into ₹5,000 payments on Rakhi Purnima and International Women’s Day, transferred directly to beneficiaries’ Aadhaar-linked accounts. With a budget of ₹55,825 crore over five years, it targets 1 crore women, promoting digital transactions and financial empowerment. The scheme, part of BJP’s political strategy, competes with the BJD’s Mission Shakti program. Over 50 lakh women have registered so far.

The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) has unveiled India’s first locally-made mountain warfare tank, Zorawar, after successful trials. Developed over three years, Zorawar is designed for high-altitude operations, weighing 25 tonnes and equipped with a Cockerill 3105 turret and anti-tank guided missiles. It is air-transportable, making it suitable for deployment in mountainous regions like Ladakh. The Indian Army plans to deploy 350 units, replacing heavier battle tanks. Named after General Zorawar Singh Kahluria, the tank’s modular design ensures adaptability to evolving combat needs, marking a significant step towards India’s self-reliance in defense technologies.

The Kalvari Submarine Escape Training Facility, named Vinetra, was inaugurated on 13 September 2024 by Vice Admiral Rajesh Pendharkar at INS Satavahana in Visakhapatnam. Developed by L&T Defence, Vinetra is designed to train crew members of Kalvari-class submarines for emergency escapes, featuring a 5-meter-high escape tower and a diving basin for realistic underwater training. This facility, part of the Aatmanirbhar Bharat programme, enhances the Indian Navy’s preparedness and self-reliance in defence technology. INS Satavahana, commissioned in 1988, plays a vital role in naval surveillance and represents a link between India’s historical and modern naval strength.

India achieved Tier 1 status in the Global Cybersecurity Index (GCI) 2024, showcasing its strong commitment to cybersecurity. The GCI, conducted by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), evaluates countries in five key areas: legal measures, technical measures, organizational measures, capacity development, and cooperation. India scored 98.49, placing it among the top 47 countries. Its success is attributed to robust legal frameworks like the Information Technology Act (2000) and the Digital Personal Data Protection Bill (2022), along with advanced technical and organizational measures. This achievement enhances India’s role in global cybersecurity efforts and promotes safer online practices.

India has launched BHASKAR, a digital platform under the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) to strengthen the startup ecosystem. Part of the Startup India programme, BHASKAR (Bharat Startup Knowledge Access Registry) offers resources for startups, investors, mentors, and service providers, and provides a unique BHASKAR ID for personalised access. Key features include networking, resource access, and global recognition. It aims to enhance innovation, job creation, and India’s position as a global leader. Challenges include startup adoption and resource maintenance. The platform aligns with “Make in India” and “Digital India” initiatives, promoting international partnerships.

The Indian government, led by Union Minister Amit Shah, announced the renaming of Port Blair to Sri Vijaya Puram, reflecting Prime Minister Modi’s vision to remove colonial-era names and celebrate India’s heritage. This renaming honors the historical significance of the Chola dynasty’s influence in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Originally named after British surveyor Archibald Blair, Port Blair was part of colonial history. The islands, used as a naval base by the Chola Emperor Rajendra I, and the Cellular Jail, a symbol of India’s freedom struggle, add to the region’s rich legacy. This change aligns with India’s decolonization efforts.

The DRDO’s successful testing of the Zorawar light tank marks a major step toward India’s self-reliance in defense technology. Designed for high-altitude and tough terrains, Zorawar is a 25-tonne light tank developed by the CVRDE and Larsen & Toubro. The trials showcased its accuracy and operational capability, responding to the Indian Army’s demand for enhanced flexibility, especially after the India-China standoff in Ladakh. Named after the 19th-century Dogra general Zorawar Singh, this tank highlights India’s shift towards indigenous defense manufacturing, involving MSMEs and reducing reliance on imports for advanced military assets.

The WHO has approved the first vaccine for mpox, targeting adults aged 18 and above. Manufactured by Bavarian Nordic A/S, this two-dose vaccine addresses severe mpox outbreaks, especially in Africa, where cases are rising. Limited supply due to a single manufacturer and distribution challenges remain significant concerns. Emergency use is allowed for those under 18, given high infection rates among children, especially in Congo. Mpox spreads through direct contact, respiratory droplets, or contaminated items. The WHO and Africa CDC are working on a response plan to improve vaccine access and manage the outbreak effectively.

North Korea’s nuclear weapons program is intensifying, driven by perceived threats from the US and allies, and a desire for national prestige. With historic tensions from the Korean War and ongoing military drills, the regime sees nuclear capability as crucial for defense. Estimated to have 80-90 warheads, this arsenal may grow to 166 by 2030. The Yongbyon facility plays a central role in uranium enrichment and plutonium processing, while all tests occur at Punggye-ri. Despite international sanctions led by the UN, efforts are hindered by Russia and China. Critics argue that resources could better address North Korea’s severe poverty.

The 5th edition of the India-Oman Joint Military Exercise AL NAJAH took place from 13th to 26th September 2024 in Salalah, Oman. Established in 2015, this biennial exercise focuses on enhancing military cooperation, especially in counter-terrorism operations. The Indian Army and Royal Army of Oman participated with 60 personnel each, engaging in joint planning, urban combat, and counter-drone operations. It strengthens diplomatic and defence ties, improves joint operational skills, and enhances maritime security in the Arabian Sea. As India’s oldest ally in the Gulf, Oman continues to be a crucial partner in regional stability through these exercises.

The International Conference on Green Hydrogen (ICGH-2024), to be held in November 2024 in New Delhi, represents a significant step in global collaboration on green hydrogen. The conference fosters partnerships, including a key agreement between Chane Terminal (Netherlands) and ACME Cleantech (India) to establish ammonia import terminals. Discussions center on how green hydrogen, produced using renewable energy, can reduce carbon emissions, focusing on challenges such as regulatory frameworks, storage, and renewable energy access. The event highlights the potential for green hydrogen to transform industries, create jobs, and contribute to global decarbonization, involving key international stakeholders and young innovators.

Summary: A recent study by researchers from the University of Kerala revealed significant ecological degradation in Veli-Akkulam Lake, primarily due to the invasion of non-native species over the past 30 years. The study utilized the Ecopath Model to analyze the lake’s ecosystem and found a drastic decline in native species, such as prawns and indigenous cichlids, while invasive species like Nile and Mozambique Tilapia have proliferated. This ecological shift has severely impacted local fishers, reducing their numbers from over 100 in the 1990s to fewer than 20 today. The study emphasizes the urgent need for conservation efforts to restore the lake’s ecosystem and support the livelihoods of those dependent on it.

Summary: The “Rangeen Machhli” mobile app was launched by Union Minister Shri Rajiv Ranjan Singh in Bhubaneswar to support India’s ornamental fisheries sector under the Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana. The app caters to fish hobbyists, aquarium shop owners, and fish farmers by providing multilingual information, a directory of local aquarium shops, and educational modules on aquarium care. It aims to promote the aquarium hobby, create jobs, and contribute to the economy, and is available for download on the Google Play Store.

Summary: The Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana has expanded to include all Indians aged 70 and older, providing them with cashless health insurance coverage of ₹5 lakh per year. Registration will be available soon through the Ayushman Bharat app or designated counters, using Aadhaar for verification. This initiative aims to improve healthcare access for the elderly, particularly benefiting older women who may lack family support. The government will invest ₹3,437 crore in this expansion, with states contributing 40% of the costs.