[Newsbits] 8-18.11.2024: Mechanical Qubit, Operation Dronagiri & more

Dengue fever cases have surged globally, with studies linking 19% of this rise to climate change. Nearly 12 million cases were reported in the Americas, and India’s cases are also increasing. Research by Stanford and Harvard shows rising temperatures directly correlate with increased dengue incidence. Climate change exacerbates health risks, potentially leading to a 40-60% rise in cases by 2050. Effective emission cuts could mitigate this growth to 40%. Dengue symptoms range from mild to severe, with no specific treatments. Vaccines face adoption challenges. Mitigating climate change is crucial to managing the future disease burden.

Mechanical qubits, relying on vibrational rather than electronic states, represent a breakthrough in quantum computing due to potentially longer coherence times. Developed by ETH Zurich, these qubits address limitations of traditional electromagnetic qubits. The team employed advanced fabrication techniques, including piezoelectric components, achieving 200 microseconds of coherence time. Despite challenges in harmonizing mechanical systems, hybrid designs combining mechanical and electromagnetic qubits show promise for improving quantum computing efficiency. This advancement could revolutionize quantum research, offering enhanced capabilities for solving complex problems.

India and Nigeria have reinforced their partnership in maritime security and economic collaboration during PM Narendra Modi’s visit to Nigeria, the first in 17 years. Discussions with President Bola Tinubu addressed economic development, healthcare, and defence. Both nations committed to combating piracy in the Gulf of Guinea and Indian Ocean, critical for trade. Nigeria aims to attract more Indian investments, highlighted by a $14 billion pledge, including Jindal Steel’s $3 billion investment. Over 200 Indian firms in Nigeria support local development. This partnership underscores the growing importance of India-Nigeria ties in addressing shared challenges.

The EU Deforestation Regulation (EUDR) deadline has been extended to December 2025 for large coffee operators and June 2026 for smaller growers, providing Indian coffee and rubber sectors additional preparation time. The regulation ensures products are not linked to deforestation and requires thorough documentation. Indian coffee exports 70% to the EU, making compliance critical. The Rubber Board, in collaboration with TRST01, has initiated measures like issuing due diligence certificates to assist exporters. Stakeholder education and resource mobilization are essential to address challenges, ensuring long-term industry sustainability.

The Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) Telangana and the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) have partnered to advance agricultural and food processing innovation. This collaboration leverages ICRISAT’s research and CII’s industry connections to address challenges like climate change, resource management, and market access. A panel discussion held on November 15, 2024, highlighted the importance of innovation, biotechnology, and policy measures for sustainable agricultural growth. Future initiatives will focus on joint research, community outreach, and improving food security and farmer livelihoods through sustainable practices.

India’s energy sector employed over 8.5 million workers in 2023, constituting 1.5% of the total workforce, as per the International Energy Agency (IEA). Clean energy jobs grew by 5%, outpacing the 2% growth in fossil fuel employment. Total energy investments surged by 6%, with clean energy investments rising 35% above the 2016-2021 average. Key employment sectors include fossil fuels (3 million jobs), bioenergy (700,000 jobs), and the power sector (3 million jobs split between generation and grid maintenance). This reflects India’s transition toward sustainable energy and highlights its bioethanol industry as the world’s third largest.

Dicliptera srisailamica, a new flower species, has been discovered in the Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana by the Botanical Survey of India. Found in the Nagarjunasagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve, this endemic plant belongs to the Acanthaceae family. The herb, characterized by ovate leaves and pink bi-lipped flowers, blooms from October to January. Its habitat along stream banks and rocky edges is vulnerable to environmental disturbances, emphasizing the need for conservation. Future studies aim to assess its distribution and ensure preservation, highlighting its importance to biodiversity in the region.

The APEC Summit in Lima highlighted global tensions, focusing on trade wars, regional stability, and economic growth. Key discussions by US President Joe Biden and Chinese President Xi Jinping included concerns over Trump’s protectionist policies and North Korea’s nuclear threats. APEC, comprising 21 economies, emphasizes trade liberalization, accounting for 60% of global GDP. Biden reinforced US alliances in Asia, while China expressed worries about unilateralism and global economic fragmentation. As geopolitical dynamics evolve, APEC remains critical for fostering economic cooperation amidst increasing challenges.

India and Japan have signed a Memorandum of Implementation (MoI) to co-develop the UNICORN mast, a stealth-enhancing naval technology, marking Japan’s first defence export to India. Co-developed by Bharat Electronics Limited, this agreement builds on a 2015 defence pact and aligns with the 2+2 dialogue’s goals of enhancing Indo-Pacific security. This collaboration represents a shift in Japan’s defence policy and aims to modernize India’s naval capabilities while promoting regional stability.

Recent research has advanced the development of quantum magnetic materials using ruthenium-based frameworks. This work is a step toward realizing the elusive Kitaev quantum spin liquid state, characterized by disordered magnetic properties reliant on quantum entanglement. By addressing challenges in previous studies through open framework structures and advanced experimental techniques, researchers have unlocked new possibilities in quantum materials. These findings, highlighted by lead researcher Dr. Lucy Clark, promise innovations in quantum technologies and material engineering, with significant implications for future research.

China’s Chang’e-6 spacecraft achieved a historic milestone by retrieving the first samples from the moon’s far side in June 2024. This mission focuses on the South Pole-Aitken Basin, offering insights into lunar volcanism. Samples of basalt dating back 4.2 to 2.8 billion years reveal prolonged volcanic activity, highlighting diverse magma sources. Using radioisotope dating, researchers compared these samples to earlier missions, uncovering compositional differences and variations in volcanic activity. The findings advance our understanding of the moon’s geological evolution, provide comparative planetary insights, and shape future lunar exploration missions.

The genus Koima, a group of freshwater fish, has been discovered in the Western Ghats, a biodiversity hotspot. This genus includes Koima remadevii and Koima monilis, previously misclassified species. Distinguished by unique body patterns, these species inhabit specific rivers in the region. Conducted by Kerala University of Fisheries and Shiv Nadar Institution, the research underscores the importance of accurate taxonomy and habitat conservation. The name reflects local cultural ties, reinforcing the need for integrating traditional knowledge into scientific studies. The discovery, published in Zootaxa, enriches biodiversity knowledge and urges continued exploration and conservation.

The Global Energy Efficiency Alliance was launched by the UAE during COP29 in Azerbaijan. It aims to double energy efficiency rates by 2030, reduce carbon emissions, and conserve resources. Led by Sharif Al Olama, the UAE promotes knowledge sharing and private-sector collaboration. A significant focus is on supporting African nations with financing and technology for energy projects. The initiative encourages global participation to foster sustainable development. Energy efficiency is seen as a cornerstone for reducing greenhouse emissions, driving innovation, and supporting economic growth worldwide.

India’s sports industry is poised to reach $130 billion by 2030, growing at an annual CAGR of 14%, outpacing GDP growth. Key drivers include a rising multi-sport culture, where Kabaddi and football attract millions of fans. The sector is embracing digital transformation, with 43% of fans from Gen Z preferring non-live, personalized content. Inclusivity is on the rise, as women represent 36% of fans, and rural areas account for 59% of viewership. Challenges like infrastructure gaps are being addressed through public-private partnerships, supporting jobs, technology investments, and a robust ecosystem for economic and social growth.

Tata Power Renewable Energy Limited (TPREL) has commissioned the Omkareshwar Floating Solar Project in Madhya Pradesh, with a capacity of 126 MW, making it one of India’s largest floating solar installations. Developed under a ₹596 crore EPC contract from NHPC, it generates 204,580 MWh annually and offsets 173,893 tonnes of CO₂. The project conserves 32.5 million cubic meters of water annually by reducing evaporation and includes innovative engineering solutions. This initiative highlights India’s advancing renewable energy technology and serves as a benchmark for global floating solar projects. TPREL’s total renewable capacity now stands at 10.9 GW, emphasizing its role in India’s green energy transition.

Bodoland Mahotsav 2024, held in New Delhi, celebrates the rich culture of the Bodo community, focusing on peace and unity under the theme “Peace and Harmony for Prosperous Bharat.” It highlights Bodo art, music, crafts, and biodiversity, fostering tourism and economic development. The event marks a milestone post-2020 Bodo Peace Accord, showcasing resilience and encouraging similar peace efforts. Over 5,000 participants from Assam, West Bengal, Nepal, and other northeastern states will attend, emphasizing integration and cultural dialogue. The Mahotsav sets a precedent for promoting sustainable development and inter-community unity in India.

Operation Dronagiri, introduced under the National Geospatial Policy 2022 by Professor Abhay Karandikar, aims to integrate geospatial technologies into agriculture, livelihoods, and logistics sectors across five states. Central to the initiative is the Integrated Geospatial Data Sharing Interface (GDI), which enhances urban planning and disaster management. Implemented via a PPP model with private-sector engagement, the project mirrors the success of UPI. Technological Innovation Hubs will drive innovation and nationwide expansion. By leveraging geospatial data, Operation Dronagiri seeks to boost infrastructure, disaster readiness, and India’s global geospatial leadership.

The Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF) has launched the PAIR (Partnerships for Accelerated Innovation and Research) Programme to improve research capabilities in Indian universities. Using a hub-and-spoke model, it connects top-ranking institutions with emerging universities for mentorship and collaboration. Hubs are among the top 25 NIRF-ranked institutions, and spokes include selected universities and NITs. The initiative aligns with NEP 2020 to address research gaps and foster innovation. Applications for the program, which aims to enhance research quality and global competitiveness, can be submitted via the ANRF website.

The IUCN’s 2024 report reveals that 44% of reef-building coral species face extinction, an increase from 33% in 2008. Major threats include climate change, pollution, and unsustainable fishing. Coral reefs are crucial for biodiversity, supporting 500 million livelihoods and generating $375 billion annually. Efforts like the Global Fund for Coral Reefs, seeking $12 billion for conservation, are essential but underfunded. Immediate actions, including the 2025 UN Ocean Conference, aim to mitigate this crisis. Broader biodiversity concerns highlight the need for urgent global intervention to combat ecosystem disruptions.

The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) has successfully conducted flight tests for the Pinaka multi-barrel rocket launcher system. The system, with an extended range of over 75 km, is prepared for induction into the Indian Army. Pinaka Mk1 currently operates across four regiments, with plans for additional regiments and extended-range variants. The precision strike variant, a fully indigenous effort, is under development. International interest is growing, with France and Armenia engaging with the system. These developments highlight India’s advancements in indigenous defence capabilities and its global potential.

Net zero emissions aim to balance greenhouse gas emissions with removals, focusing on CO2 and methane. The Paris Agreement targets net zero by 2050 to limit temperature rise to 1.5°C. Countries like the UK, US, and EU have committed to interim goals and green initiatives, though challenges like outsourcing emissions and financial offsetting remain. Methods include afforestation and costly technologies like carbon capture. Achieving net zero demands lifestyle changes, including reduced air travel, energy conservation, and dietary shifts, alongside policy-driven global collaboration.

Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi will receive Dominica’s highest national honour, the Dominica Award of Honour, during the India-CARICOM Summit in Georgetown, Guyana, from November 19-21, 2024. This recognition highlights his leadership during the COVID-19 pandemic, including India’s donation of 70,000 AstraZeneca vaccine doses to Dominica. The award also acknowledges Modi’s contributions to climate resilience and sustainable development. Under his leadership, India has supported Dominica in sectors like healthcare and education, strengthening bilateral ties. The summit will explore shared priorities, emphasizing collaboration on climate change and regional development.

The RBI reaffirmed SBI, HDFC Bank, and ICICI Bank as Domestic Systemically Important Banks (D-SIBs) for 2024, reflecting their critical role in India’s financial system. These banks must maintain higher capital buffers determined by their Systemic Importance Score (SIS). Adjusted capital surcharges for SBI and HDFC Bank will apply from April 2025. The framework, updated in December 2023, mandates annual public disclosure and aims to bolster financial stability. Foreign Global Systemically Important Banks (G-SIBs) operating in India also face additional CET1 requirements proportional to their local RWAs.

Crinum andhricum, a newly discovered flowering plant in the Eastern Ghats, Andhra Pradesh, belongs to the Amaryllidaceae family. Found at Sapparla Hills at 1,141 meters elevation, it exhibits unique features like waxy white flowers and distinct pedicelled blooms. Researchers recorded over 1,000 mature plants but assigned a “Data Deficient” status due to its limited range and environmental threats like forest fires and grazing. Preservation efforts are underway with specimens stored for future studies. This marks the 16th Crinum species endemic to India, highlighting the need for focused conservation strategies.

Cardiovascular Kidney Metabolic (CKM) syndrome, a growing global health issue, affects the heart, kidneys, and blood vessels, primarily driven by lifestyle changes and globalization. Tamil Nadu reports alarming rates of obesity (11.4%), hypertension (33.9%), and diabetes (17.6%), with non-communicable diseases (NCDs) accounting for 69% of premature deaths. Financially, CKM poses a heavy burden on healthcare systems, costing ₹1,200 crore annually in Tamil Nadu alone. Integrated care approaches, dietary reforms, early interventions like the Muthu Lakshmi Reddy scheme, and work-life balance initiatives are key to mitigating CKM’s impact and fostering better public health outcomes.

The 43rd India International Trade Fair (IITF) 2024, inaugurated by Union Minister Piyush Goyal at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi, will run from November 14 to November 27. The event focuses on India’s self-reliance by 2047, aligned with the theme “Viksit Bharat @2047.” It serves as a platform for showcasing economic ambition, fostering local-global trade connections, and enhancing consumer choice. Initiatives include digital transaction kiosks, virtual trade fairs, and ITPO expansion to bolster MICE facilities. IITF underscores innovation and entrepreneurship, reflecting India’s commitment to a resilient and self-reliant economy.

The Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA) introduced new guidelines to regulate coaching sector advertisements. These aim to prevent misleading claims about courses, faculty, and fees, while ensuring transparency and fairness. Key provisions include mandatory written consent for promotional use of students’ success, prohibition of false urgency tactics, and collaboration with the National Consumer Helpline for grievance redressal. Violations are subject to penalties under the Consumer Protection Act, 2019. With over 16,000 complaints addressed in 2023-2024, the guidelines promise to enhance trust and protect students from exploitation.

The 8th South and South-West Asia Subregional Forum, co-hosted by NITI Aayog and UN ESCAP, focused on India’s advancements in economic growth and employment under SDG 8. India’s GDP growth is projected at 7% for FY 2024-25, with significant reductions in poverty and unemployment rates. Social protection schemes like the Targeted Public Distribution System cover 800 million citizens. Labour market reforms, formalisation, and initiatives like e-Shram and NCS are transforming employment landscapes. International collaboration under India’s G20 presidency supports skill recognition and global work mobility, positioning India for sustained, inclusive development.

The inaugural U.S.-India Indian Ocean Dialogue, held on November 14, 2024, focused on enhancing security and collaboration in the Indo-Pacific region. Key participants, including U.S. Deputy Secretary Kurt Campbell and India’s senior officials, addressed maritime security and technological innovation. This dialogue aligns with ongoing efforts like the Quad alliance and the Critical and Emerging Technologies (iCET) initiative to strengthen bilateral ties. With maritime safety and regional stability as priorities, this dialogue marks a pivotal moment in U.S.-India relations, setting the stage for future security and technological collaborations.

The New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG), discussed at COP29 in Baku, seeks to mobilize $5-6.8 trillion by 2030 to help developing nations tackle climate challenges. This initiative replaces fossil fuels with renewable energy and supports adaptation measures. Historically, a $100 billion annual climate finance goal set in 2009 was partially met by 2022, necessitating a more robust financial target by 2025. India calls for regional cooperation among Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH) nations to address transboundary air pollution and climate-induced risks. Unified action plans emphasize biodiversity, disaster preparedness, and resilient infrastructure to ensure sustainable regional development.

The euro recently dropped to $1.06, nearing parity with the US dollar, driven by weak eurozone forecasts, tariff concerns, and Donald Trump’s re-election. Parity, historically seen in early 2000s and 2022, is 6% away, raising inflationary fears for imports but benefiting exports, especially in Germany. The European Central Bank (ECB) is poised to respond with potential rate cuts, leveraging low inflationary pressure. Broader global currency declines, including the Mexican peso and Korean won, highlight widespread economic uncertainties. Despite challenges, the eurozone’s economic growth offers hope for recovery, with ECB’s vigilant oversight maintaining stability.

The National Financial Reporting Authority (NFRA) has approved revised auditing standards, aligning them with international norms. Key standards include SQM1, SQM2, and SA 600, which sparked concerns from the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) regarding joint audit responsibilities. NFRA overruled these objections, emphasizing joint and several liability. Renamed as Ind SAs, the standards aim to standardize practices and will take effect from April 1, 2026. These revisions are expected to enhance compliance, strengthen auditing processes, and boost investor confidence, reflecting a significant evolution in India’s regulatory framework.

IBM’s Gen-AI Innovation Centre in Kochi, launched in November 2024, is set to transform the city into a global IT hub. Featuring client facilities, free resources for students and startups, and workshops, it supports AI innovation and collaboration. Currently employing 1,500 people, the centre plans to expand to 5,000, aligning with Kerala’s “Work from Kerala” policy. Partnerships with educational institutions grant access to IBM’s WatsonX platform, fostering research and innovation. This initiative positions Kochi as a global player in AI and technology, boosting employment and attracting international clients.

Reanalysis of Voyager 2’s 1986 Uranus flyby data has revealed surprising complexities in the planet’s magnetosphere. A solar wind event during the encounter compressed Uranus’s magnetic field and intensified radiation belts. These findings suggest that Uranus’s moons may be geologically active, contrary to earlier assumptions. Highlighted by the National Academies’ 2023 recommendation for Uranus exploration, this study emphasizes the importance of revisiting historical data to advance planetary science and plan future missions. It underscores the potential for significant discoveries in understanding the dynamics of ice giants and their environments.

The Ministry of Home Affairs has clarified reasons for denying FCRA clearances, aiming to ensure transparency and compliance among NGOs. Grounds include anti-development activities, religious conversions, and misuse of funds. Recent amendments have introduced stricter rules, such as Aadhaar verification and capped administrative expenses. With 20,711 licences cancelled since 2020, the FCRA ensures responsible foreign funding while promoting transparency. However, NGOs face challenges in compliance, highlighting the need for better guidelines and support mechanisms. This framework is crucial for maintaining financial integrity and national security.

Sea Vigil-24, the fourth edition of the Indian Navy’s Coastal Defence Exercise, will occur from November 20-21, 2024, encompassing India’s 11,098 km coastline and its Exclusive Economic Zone. Involving six ministries, 21 organizations, and collaborations with the Army, Air Force, and Coast Guard, the exercise aims to evaluate and strengthen maritime security. It features audits under the Coastal Defence & Security Readiness Evaluation (CDSRE) and engages local fishing communities and youth for awareness. As a precursor to TROPEX, this national-level initiative plays a vital role in enhancing India’s maritime defence and coastal vigilance.

The 43rd Sharjah International Book Fair (SIBF) features a certified replica of the handwritten Constitution of India manuscript, highlighting India’s rich literary and cultural heritage. India’s participation, led by the National Book Trust, includes series like PM-YUVA and Indian@75, focusing on India’s freedom movement and independence journey. With 52 Indian publishers among 2,500 global participants, the event promotes cultural exchange and literary diversity. Morocco is this year’s Guest of Honour. Workshops, sessions, and author engagements strengthen India’s international literary influence. The initiative underscores India’s commitment to showcasing its heritage while fostering global cultural connections.

The merger of Air India and Vistara aims to create a unified, competitive airline with enhanced efficiency and market presence. Under Air India’s Vihaan.AI transformation strategy, the merged entity targets cost savings of ₹500 crore annually and ₹1,800 crore by FY27. Singapore Airlines retains a 25.1% stake, benefiting from a SGD 1.1 billion gain. The integration focuses on fleet upgrades, customer experience enhancement, and streamlined operations. This strategic move is expected to elevate Air India’s profitability and strengthen its position in domestic and international markets while addressing industry challenges.

Amul, managed by the Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation (GCMMF), is set to launch its products in the European market, beginning with Spain in November 2024. Known for its high-quality dairy items, Amul plans to cater to both the Indian diaspora and European consumers. Challenges such as non-tariff trade barriers and stiff competition are acknowledged, but the expansion is poised to enhance Amul’s global presence. With a turnover of ₹80,000 crore and 3.6 million farmers under its wing, Amul aims to capitalize on its strong brand reputation and innovative strategies to succeed in Europe.

Recent research reveals that the comb jelly species Mnemiopsis leidyi can reverse its development, returning to a larval stage under stress. This discovery, led by Joan J Soto-Angel at the University of Bergen, challenges long-held views on animal life cycles and offers new insights into biological plasticity. Similar to the immortal jellyfish, this phenomenon sheds light on regeneration and aging. Researchers aim to uncover the molecular and neurological mechanisms behind this process, with potential implications for human aging and regenerative medicine. The study opens avenues for exploring evolutionary biology and developmental adaptability.

Shigeru Ishiba has been re-elected as Japan’s Prime Minister in a runoff vote during an extraordinary Diet session. Representing the Liberal Democratic Party, Ishiba faced Yoshihiko Noda from the opposition. Despite falling short of the majority threshold, Ishiba secured the role, underscoring LDP’s influence. The re-election highlights governance continuity amidst challenges like economic policy and foreign relations. Ishiba’s leadership will shape Japan’s future strategies, with public opinion playing a critical role in his administration’s success.

IIT Madras and ISRO have collaborated to establish a Centre of Excellence in Fluid and Thermal Sciences, focusing on addressing thermal management challenges for spacecraft and launch vehicles. Funded initially with Rs 1.84 crore, the centre will focus on research areas like spacecraft thermal management and hybrid rocket combustion instability. Building on a legacy of collaboration, this initiative enhances India’s self-reliance in space technology and strengthens industry-academia partnerships. It promises to contribute significantly to ISRO’s missions while fostering innovation in thermal science.

The 25th South Asian Telecommunication Regulators’ Council (SATRC) convened in New Delhi, hosted by TRAI under the Asia Pacific Telecommunity’s aegis. Delegations from eight South Asian countries participated, with discussions focused on ICT development, regional cooperation, and tackling spam. TRAI Chairman Anil Kumar Lahoti was appointed SATRC Chair for 2025. The event highlights the importance of collaboration in advancing regional telecommunications infrastructure while addressing challenges like technological disparities and geopolitical tensions. Future efforts aim to strengthen ICT systems and policies for sustained growth.

Samantha Harvey won the 2024 Booker Prize for her novel “Orbital,” a space pastoral set on the International Space Station. The novel reflects on human connections and Earth’s beauty, inspired by COVID-19 pandemic isolation. The award ceremony on November 12, 2024, marked Harvey’s first Booker win, making her the first female winner since 2019. Competing against strong finalists like Percival Everett and Rachel Kushner, Harvey’s win highlights global literary excellence. The £50,000 prize underscores the Booker Foundation’s commitment to diverse and innovative storytelling, enhancing Harvey’s recognition and inspiring future authors.

The ASSET platform, launched by NITI Aayog in collaboration with key ministries, aims to drive India’s green energy transition by providing states with tools to create comprehensive energy blueprints, develop sustainable projects, and foster innovation. This initiative aligns state efforts with national goals like achieving net-zero emissions by 2070 and the “Viksit Bharat” vision of 2047. Focus areas include advanced technologies like BESS and green hydrogen. Addressing challenges such as financial constraints and project delays, ASSET promotes private-public collaboration to build a sustainable energy ecosystem, enabling India to achieve a leadership role in green energy globally.

India’s Union Environment Ministry has introduced the Water Pollution Penalty Rules, 2024, replacing criminal penalties with financial ones to enhance compliance and streamline enforcement. Adjudication officers, of joint secretary rank or higher, will oversee inquiries and issue penalties. These rules apply nationwide, with exemptions for eco-friendly ‘white’ category industries. Authorities like the CPCB and state pollution boards monitor compliance. The six-month inquiry process ensures transparency and timely resolution. These rules aim to strengthen pollution management, though challenges like administrative efficiency and monitoring remain. The emphasis on financial accountability promotes sustainable practices among industries.

Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN), a rare and fatal skin disorder often triggered by certain medications, has seen a significant treatment breakthrough. Using repurposed JAK inhibitors, researchers, including teams from WEHI, successfully treated seven patients, achieving full recovery. Advanced proteomics identified hyperactivation of the JAK/STAT pathway as a critical target. Preclinical studies and clinical trials in China validated the treatment. This marks the first cure for TEN, offering hope for future standard treatments, though regulatory approval and wider accessibility remain challenges. The findings emphasize the importance of proteomics in developing life-saving therapies.

Recent studies from Penn State highlight how microplastics, present globally from the Mariana Trench to Mount Everest, influence weather and climate by acting as ice-nucleating particles. Experiments showed that microplastics accelerate water droplet freezing in clouds, potentially altering precipitation patterns. While microplastics’ impacts on ecosystems and weather forecasting are concerning, further research is essential to understand their long-term environmental effects and integrate findings into climate strategies. This knowledge is critical for developing global mitigation measures against rising microplastic pollution.

Turritopsis dohrnii, known as the immortal jellyfish, fascinates scientists with its ability to reverse its ageing process through transdifferentiation, where adult cells revert to unspecialised states and regenerate. Originally found in the Mediterranean, this jellyfish has a global presence. While theoretically immortal, it faces natural threats like predation and diseases. Its unique biology offers potential for breakthroughs in anti-ageing therapies and tissue repair, but research faces challenges due to complexity, ethical concerns, and funding limitations. Unlocking its secrets could revolutionise medical science and our understanding of ageing.

The Inter-State Council’s Standing Committee, now chaired by Union Home Minister Amit Shah, has been revised to enhance Centre-State coordination. Comprising 12 members, including Union Ministers and Chief Ministers, the committee focuses on continuous consultation and policy implementation. It addresses governance complexities and inter-state disputes, aiming to improve effectiveness in inter-state matters. The changes promise more inclusive governance, although challenges remain in balancing regional interests and political dynamics. Strengthened expert consultation and regular monitoring are essential for achieving the committee’s objectives.

Antariksha Abhyas, held from 11–13 November 2024, is India’s first military exercise focusing on space security. Spearheaded by the Defence Space Agency, the exercise addresses growing threats in the contested space domain. It involves collaboration with ISRO, DRDO, and the Armed Forces to integrate space capabilities into military operations. By simulating vulnerabilities and operational challenges, the event highlights the strategic importance of space for national security. This initiative boosts readiness and innovation while promoting partnerships across defence and civilian sectors. However, its success depends on overcoming technical challenges and aligning resources for continued space dominance.

Recent advancements in Ayurveda Aahara by the Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences (CCRAS) emphasize integrating traditional Ayurvedic dietary practices with modern scientific research. Supported by FSSAI, the initiative validates recipes, establishes standard operating procedures (SOPs), and enhances the authenticity of Ayurvedic foods through regulations and logos. Published in the Journal of Drug Research in Ayurvedic Sciences (JDRAS), these findings aim to address contemporary dietary challenges. Ayurveda Aahara focuses on sustainability and health while aligning tradition with innovation, marking a significant step in promoting Ayurveda on a global scale.

Scientists from Agharkar Research Institute discovered Dicliptera polymorpha, a fire-resilient plant species in the Western Ghats. This unique grassland plant exhibits a dual-blooming pattern triggered by fire and adapts to extreme conditions. Its discovery highlights the region’s biodiversity and the ecological importance of grassland management. The species’ resilience underscores the need for balanced fire management practices and targeted conservation strategies to preserve such endemic flora. Research and ecological protection are vital for maintaining biodiversity in these hotspots.

India’s renewable energy sector has reached 200 GW, with a target of 500 GW by 2030, driven by a focus on solar power. While India ranks fifth globally in solar capacity additions, it aims to secure second place. The country’s annual target of 50 GW requires US$17-18 billion in investments. With alignment to global sustainability goals and increasing global interest, India is poised for robust growth. However, challenges include high competition and infrastructure needs, requiring innovation and strong investment to achieve its ambitious objectives.

The FAO’s 2024 State of Food and Agriculture report highlights $12 trillion in hidden costs within global agrifood systems, mainly due to unhealthy diets and environmental impacts. It categorizes agrifood systems into six types and stresses the importance of sustainable practices and true cost accounting. Recommendations include financial incentives, promoting healthy diets, and empowering stakeholders for equitable and resilient food systems. The report, featuring case studies from diverse nations, underscores the urgency for transformative actions to address health, social, and environmental challenges.

The Kayakalp Scheme, a national initiative by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, emphasizes cleanliness, hygiene, and aesthetic improvements in public institutions. Rajasthan has aligned with this scheme by mandating the repainting of 20 government college facades orange. Directed by Vijendra Kumar Sharma, this move aims to create a positive learning environment and inspire pride among students and staff. While the initiative has been met with criticism for potential politicization, it highlights the importance of aesthetic and infrastructural development in education. Future efforts may expand and integrate these improvements across more institutions.

National Education Day, observed annually on November 11, honors Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, India’s first Education Minister. This day underscores education’s pivotal role in shaping the nation, focusing on inclusivity and quality under initiatives like the Right to Education Act and NEP 2020. Programs aim to empower youth, reduce gaps in access, and align education with 21st-century demands. Challenges include rural-urban disparities and resource inadequacies. The day reaffirms the government’s commitment to education as a cornerstone of sustainable national progress and global competitiveness.

The mpox virus, formerly known as monkeypox, remains a global public health concern, especially in West and Central Africa. The WHO declared it a public health emergency in 2022 and 2023. The virus consists of two main clades: Clade I, known for severe disease, and Clade II, which caused recent outbreaks, particularly Subclade IIb in 2022. Alarmingly, Clade Ia has adapted to human-to-human transmission. Mutations mediated by APOBEC proteins indicate its adaptation to human hosts. Limited vaccine availability and clade-specific treatment challenges persist. Ongoing surveillance, equitable vaccine access, and focused research are crucial to controlling this evolving threat.

The 12th session of the World Urban Forum (WUF12), held in Cairo from November 4–8, 2024, addressed critical urbanisation challenges in Africa, including housing, climate resilience, and sustainable development. With urbanisation rates projected to reach 60% by 2050 and the emergence of seven new megacities, the forum highlighted the urgency for sustainable solutions. Key discussions revolved around tackling informal settlements, climate vulnerabilities, and infrastructure gaps. Collaborative approaches, stakeholder engagement, and innovative financing were proposed as pathways forward. WUF12 emphasised inclusive planning to ensure sustainable urban growth and improved resilience in African cities.

Scientists observed the largest deep-water feeding frenzy in the Barents Sea, where capelin formed a massive school that attracted 2.5 million Atlantic cod. Advanced technologies like OAWRS and multispectral techniques enabled real-time tracking of this unprecedented event. Climate change has exacerbated challenges for marine species like capelin, increasing their vulnerability through migration and predation. This phenomenon underscores the fragility of marine ecosystems, emphasizing the need for robust monitoring and conservation measures. Future efforts will apply these findings to broader studies, aiming to protect marine biodiversity amid climate-induced disruptions.

Karnataka’s “Resource Adequacy” report predicts peak electricity demand to reach 33,310 MW by 2034-35, driven by economic recovery, low rainfall, and the rapid adoption of Electric Vehicles (EVs). Prepared by Power Research Consultants and accepted by the government in October 2023, the report outlines the need for 13,466 MW additional capacity and significant renewable energy growth, including solar rooftops and energy storage. It emphasizes maintaining a 20%-30% power reserve for stability. The recommendations await validation by the Central Electricity Authority and approval by the Karnataka Electricity Regulatory Commission (KERC), ensuring sustainable energy strategies for future needs.

Bengaluru unveiled its first digital population clock at the Institute for Social and Economic Change (ISEC) on November 8, 2024. The clock displays real-time population updates for Karnataka and India, aiming to enhance awareness and support demographic research. Collaborating with the Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW), the initiative also includes a Census Data Research Workstation for advanced analysis. While Karnataka’s population updates every 70 seconds, India’s updates every two seconds. Plans to install 18 similar clocks across India are underway, promoting data-driven policymaking and fostering informed public discourse on population dynamics.

World Immunization Day, observed on November 10, highlights the importance of vaccines in preventing infectious diseases and safeguarding public health. Immunisation initiatives, like India’s Universal Immunization Programme and Mission Indradhanush, focus on reaching underserved populations and reducing child mortality. Despite achieving 93.23% vaccination coverage in FY 2023-24 and significant mortality reductions, challenges remain in reaching remote areas and managing vaccine hesitancy. Continued efforts to innovate, educate, and improve vaccine delivery systems are essential for advancing public health and ensuring equitable access to life-saving immunisation.

The 83rd annual session of the Indian Roads Congress (IRC) 2024 in Raipur, Chhattisgarh, focused on improving India’s road infrastructure through standardisation and innovation. Inaugurated by Union Minister Nitin Gadkari, the event hosted over 2,000 participants, including engineers, scientists, and policymakers. Key outcomes included the release of new guidelines aimed at enhancing road safety and construction practices. Discussions addressed contemporary challenges and promoted sustainable road development. The IRC remains pivotal in shaping India’s infrastructure through collaboration, research integration, and adherence to evolving standards. Future strategies aim to strengthen public-private partnerships and adopt cutting-edge technology.

Canada’s suspension of the Student Direct Stream (SDS) visa programme marks significant changes for international students, particularly from India. Introduced in 2018, SDS offered expedited study permits with streamlined requirements. The programme’s cancellation is attributed to housing shortages, rising costs, and immigration policy reforms. Students will now face longer visa processing times under the regular stream, increasing application complexity. Managed by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC), the shift aims to balance resources and ensure fairness. While this change addresses systemic issues, it creates challenges for aspiring students, universities, and Canada’s international education sector.

Indian farmers faced $120 billion in implicit taxation in 2023, the highest globally, due to government policies like export restrictions on rice, sugar, and onions to stabilize consumer prices. This led to lower farm incomes and a negative market price support of $110 billion, despite $10 billion in budgetary transfers. While protecting consumers, these policies have widened income disparities for farmers. OECD reports show India’s negative trend over two decades, accounting for 62.5% of global implicit taxation. Policy revisions, enhanced support measures, and balanced trade strategies are essential to safeguard farmers’ livelihoods and ensure sustainable agricultural growth.

India’s ICAR-NRC Equine has been designated as a WOAH Reference Laboratory for Equine Piroplasmosis, highlighting the nation’s progress in animal health diagnostics. This achievement underscores India’s compliance with global standards and bolsters its scientific reputation. With a significant equine population and high disease prevalence, the laboratory will provide advanced diagnostic services, share technical expertise, and lead research initiatives. The recognition aligns with India’s efforts to enhance its animal health infrastructure and international collaboration, ensuring better control of equine diseases and supporting the livelihoods of communities reliant on equines.

Lassa fever, a viral haemorrhagic illness endemic to West Africa, has sparked global concern after a fatal case in the US. Transmitted via Mastomys rats or human bodily fluids, it presents severe risks to vulnerable groups like pregnant women and infants. Diagnosis relies on RT-PCR and ELISA tests, while early administration of ribavirin offers effective treatment. Vaccine development faces challenges, including genetic diversity and logistical hurdles. Public health strategies focus on education, rat control, and enhancing diagnostic capabilities. Global collaboration and surveillance are critical to controlling outbreaks and addressing this significant health threat.

The UNESCO Global Education Monitoring Report 2024 reveals that 251 million children remain out of school, reflecting only 1% progress in a decade. Despite increased enrolment and secondary education completion, disparities persist, especially in low-income nations where 33% of children lack access to education. The report highlights inadequate financing, with low-income countries investing $55 per learner compared to $8,543 in high-income countries. Innovative solutions like debt-for-education swaps and enhanced global partnerships, including the G20’s focus on equity, are critical. Urgent actions are needed to bridge funding gaps, promote inclusivity, and meet SDG-4 targets for quality education.

The Gujarat Semiconductor Policy 2022-2027, spearheaded by CM Bhupendra Patel, aims to position Gujarat as a leader in semiconductor manufacturing. Offering significant incentives, including subsidies on capital, land, and utilities, the policy has attracted investments worth Rs 1.24 lakh crore. Key projects include Micron’s assembly plant and Tata-Powerchip’s AI-enabled fabrication unit in Dholera. With an anticipated creation of 53,000 jobs, the policy aligns with India’s semiconductor ambitions under the India Semiconductor Mission. While promising economic growth, sustained execution and global competitiveness remain vital for long-term success.

Researchers discovered a unique cyanobacteria strain, Chonkus, thriving in the CO2-rich volcanic vents near Vulcano, Italy. This strain’s rapid growth and natural tendency to sink make it a promising candidate for carbon sequestration and biotechnological innovations. Developed through a collaboration involving the Wyss Institute, Harvard Medical School, and the University of Palermo, this breakthrough could significantly enhance decarbonisation efforts. While challenges remain in scaling and validation, Chonkus opens new possibilities for combating climate change and advancing biomanufacturing, showcasing nature’s potential in providing sustainable environmental solutions.

The Adaptation Gap Report 2024, released by UNEP, underscores the pressing need for enhanced climate adaptation efforts. While global adaptation finance rose from $22 billion in 2021 to $28 billion in 2022, a significant annual funding gap of $187-$359 billion persists. The report calls for new financial goals, stronger adaptation elements in climate pledges, and innovative financing strategies. Vulnerable nations, disproportionately affected by climate impacts, require capacity building and technology transfer. As COP29 approaches, the focus is on achieving coordinated global action to address these challenges, emphasizing sustainable and anticipatory adaptation measures.

Anil Pradhan, a 28-year-old engineer from Odisha, received the Rohini Nayyar Prize for his exceptional contributions to rural STEM education. Co-founder of the Young Tinker Foundation, Pradhan introduced ‘Tinker-on-Wheels,’ a mobile lab offering hands-on learning in robotics and 3D printing, impacting over 2.5 lakh rural students. The ₹10 lakh prize commemorates economist Rohini Nayyar’s legacy in rural development. STEM education bridges educational gaps, fosters innovation, and prepares students for future careers. While challenges like funding and accessibility persist, Pradhan’s work exemplifies the transformative potential of targeted rural education initiatives.

India launched the tri-services exercise ‘Poorvi Prahaar’ on November 8, 2024, to demonstrate military readiness and foster inter-service collaboration. Involving the Army, Navy, and Air Force, the 10-day exercise features advanced technologies like UAVs, Rafale jets, and MARCOS commandos. Staged in the eastern sector, it responds to recent disengagement with China in Ladakh and ongoing negotiations over patrolling rights in Yangtse. The exercise emphasizes operational preparedness, crisis management, and regional deterrence. It holds strategic significance amid regional tensions and aims to bolster India’s defence posture while addressing challenges like costs and inter-service coordination.

FSSAI has introduced new food safety measures for e-commerce in preparation for the tourist season from November to March. Initiatives include enhanced warehouse surveillance, mobile food labs, and training for 2.5 million food handlers by 2026. Collaborative efforts with state and district authorities aim to ensure rigorous compliance, while consumer engagement under the Eat Right India movement raises awareness. These measures address food safety challenges in tourism hotspots, emphasizing stricter regulation, outreach, and healthier practices. Despite potential logistical and financial hurdles, this proactive strategy seeks to safeguard public health and support India’s growing tourism sector.