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Prelims Sureshots - Repeated/Most-Probable Topics for UPSC Prelims

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  1. POLITY

    Complete list of amendments in Indian Constitution
  2. Government Agencies
  3. [Table Chart] Comparison between various posts/bodies with respect to Tenure, Appointment, and Removal
  4. Landmark Acts that Shaped India
  5. Landmark Judgements that Shaped India
  6. HISTORY
    Important terms of Ancient India
  7. Important terms of Medieval India
  8. Important Terms of British India
  9. Important Personalities of Modern India
  10. [Table Chart] Indian Kingdoms & Founder Rulers
  11. ECONOMY
    Indexes/Reports of Organizations
  12. Important Economic Terms
  13. [Table Chart] India's export data
  14. [Table Chart] India's import data
  15. ENVIRONMENT
    Natural Ecosystems (Types of forests, Grasslands, etc)
  16. [Table Chart] Threatened species in India (IUCN Red list)
  17. Scheduled Animals of WPA 1972
  18. Organism Facts (Ants, Cockroach, Spider, etc)
  19. Trees
  20. Protected Areas (National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves, etc.)
  21. India’s conservation efforts (Environmental Legislations, authorities, organisations, etc.)
  22. International conservation efforts (Important environmental organisations, agreements, etc.)
  23. GEOGRAPHY
    Physiographic Regions of World
  24. Climatic Regions of World
  25. Oceans and Bordering Countries
  26. Countries through which Equator, Tropic of Cancer & Tropic of Capricorn passes
  27. India - Minerals, Rivers, Lakes, Glaciers, Mountains, etc.
  28. Major Waterfalls in India - their geographical region, Source river
  29. Major Crops & Cropping Patterns
  30. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
    Space Missions (World and India)
  31. Important Technologies
  32. SOCIAL JUSTICE
    Schemes & Welfare Programmes: Ministry-Wise Compilation
  33. INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
    International Organisations & Groupings
  34. Important Declarations
  35. Joint Military Exercises
  36. Important International Conventions
  37. International Pipelines
  38. Defence
    Military Aircrafts
  39. Military Seacrafts
  40. Missiles
  41. Ranks in Indian Defence Forces

2024 UPSC Prelims Question:-

Consider the following aircraft

  1. Rafael
  2. MiG-29
  3. Tejas MK-1

How many of the above are considered fifth generation fighter aircraft?

(a) Only one
(b) Only two
(c) All three
(d) None

Correct Answer: (d) None

Fighter Aircrafts

Aircraft NameCountryGenerationKey Features
Dassault RafaleIndia/France4.5Omni-role capabilities, advanced avionics, stealth design, nuclear delivery.
Sukhoi Su-30MKIIndia/Russia4+Twin-engine, multi-role, thrust vectoring, long-range combat.
Tejas Mk1 (HAL LCA Tejas)India4+Indigenous light fighter, fly-by-wire, composite structure, high maneuverability.
F-22 RaptorUSA5Stealth, advanced radar, supercruise, superior air dominance.
F-35 Lightning IIUSA5Multi-role, stealth, networked systems, versatile missions.
Eurofighter TyphoonEurope4.5Advanced air-to-air and air-to-ground capabilities, canards, and delta wing.
Mikoyan MiG-29India/Russia4High agility, air superiority, reliable in combat scenarios.
F-16 Fighting FalconUSA4Lightweight, high versatility, used by multiple countries worldwide.
J-20 ChengduChina5Stealth, advanced sensors, long-range combat capabilities.
JAS 39 GripenSweden4+Cost-effective, high-tech avionics, modular design for multi-role missions.

Bomber Aircrafts

Aircraft NameCountryTypeKey Features
B-2 SpiritUSAStealth StrategicFlying wing design, radar evasion, long-range nuclear and conventional payloads.
B-1B LancerUSASupersonic StrategicVariable-sweep wing, high speed, large payload capacity for conventional bombs.
Tu-160 BlackjackRussiaSupersonic StrategicLargest combat aircraft, variable-sweep wing, nuclear and conventional roles.
Tu-95 BearRussiaStrategicTurboprop engines, nuclear-capable, long-range reconnaissance and strikes.
H-6 BomberChinaStrategicChinese development of Tu-16, capable of carrying cruise missiles and bombs.

Transport Aircrafts

Aircraft NameCountryTypeKey Features
C-17 Globemaster IIIIndia/USAHeavy-lift StrategicLarge payload capacity, short runway capability, used for military and disaster relief.
IL-76 GajrajIndia/RussiaHeavy TransportFour-engine, robust design, capable of operating in remote areas.
C-130J Super HerculesIndia/USATactical TransportVersatile, short take-off and landing, supports cargo, paratroopers, and rescue missions.
A400M AtlasEuropeHeavy-lift TacticalAdvanced avionics, air-to-air refueling capability, large cargo capacity.
An-32India/UkraineTactical TransportHigh-performance in hot and high-altitude regions, reliable for diverse missions.

Helicopters

Helicopter NameCountryTypeKey Features
AH-64E ApacheIndia/USAAttack HelicopterAdvanced sensors, Hellfire missiles, night vision, highly maneuverable.
HAL Dhruv (ALH)IndiaUtility HelicopterIndigenous design, versatile roles, high-altitude performance.
CH-47 ChinookIndia/USAHeavy-lift HelicopterTandem rotor design, transport of troops, vehicles, and equipment.
Ka-52 AlligatorRussiaAttack HelicopterCoaxial rotor, advanced avionics, anti-armor capabilities.
Mi-17V5India/RussiaUtility HelicopterMulti-role, high payload capacity, robust in extreme climates.

Reconnaissance & Surveillance Aircraft

Aircraft NameCountryTypeKey Features
E-3 Sentry AWACSUSAAirborne Early WarningRotodome radar, long-range surveillance, air traffic control for military ops.
DRDO Netra AEW&CIndiaAirborne Early WarningIndigenous system, mounted on Embraer aircraft, real-time situational awareness.
RQ-4 Global Hawk (UAV)USAUnmanned Aerial VehicleHigh-altitude, long-endurance, advanced ISR (Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance).
MQ-9 Reaper (UAV)USAArmed UAVMulti-role, capable of surveillance and precision strikes with payloads.
Beriev A-50E AWACSRussia/IndiaAirborne Early WarningAdvanced radar systems, command and control capabilities.

Military UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles)

UAV NameCountryTypeKey Features
DRDO Rustom-II (Tapas-BH)IndiaMALE UAVIndigenous design, ISR capabilities, long endurance.
DRDO NishantIndiaTactical UAVReal-time intelligence and reconnaissance for the Indian Army.
DRDO NetraIndiaMini UAVCompact, used for surveillance in counter-insurgency operations.
IAI Heron (operated by India)Israel/IndiaMALE UAVLong endurance, advanced ISR capabilities.
Harpy (operated by India)Israel/IndiaLoitering MunitionAutonomous operation, anti-radar capabilities.
MQ-9 ReaperUSAMALE UAVArmed ISR, precision strikes, long endurance.
RQ-4 Global HawkUSAHALE UAVAdvanced ISR, high altitude, satellite-based communication.
Bayraktar TB2TurkeyTactical UAVProven combat performance, armed capabilities.
Elbit Hermes 900IsraelMALE UAVMulti-role, high operational flexibility.
General Atomics AvengerUSAUCAVStealthy design, precision strike capabilities.
CH-4 (Rainbow 4)ChinaMALE UAVSimilar to MQ-9, used for surveillance and strikes.
Wing Loong IIChinaMALE UAVAdvanced ISR, missile-armed for precision strikes.
Dassault nEUROnFranceUCAVStealthy, experimental design for combat roles.
EurodroneEuropeMALE UAVAdvanced ISR, multi-mission capable.
TalarionEuropeHALE UAVHigh-altitude surveillance, joint European program.
Orion UAVRussiaMALE UAVMulti-role, ISR, and strike capabilities.
S-70 Okhotnik-BRussiaUCAVStealth design, integrated with Su-57 fighters.
Eleron-3SVRussiaTactical UAVLightweight, real-time battlefield reconnaissance.
KarrarIranUCAVArmed with air-to-ground munitions, long range.
Shahed-136IranLoitering MunitionCost-effective, swarm attack capabilities.

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