Extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA)
Extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) is a circular genetic fragment found in cancer cells, contributing to tumour growth, oncogene expression, and treatment resistance. Initially discovered in 1.4% of tumours, advanced research shows its presence in up to 90% of certain cancers like brain tumours. Formed from damaged chromosomal DNA, ecDNA freely moves and clusters during cell division, violating Mendel’s third law. This clustering provides cancer cells with a survival advantage. Targeting ecDNA, particularly through proteins like CHK1, presents potential for developing new cancer therapies. Companies like Boundless Bio are advancing treatments for ecDNA-driven cancers, improving outcomes for glioblastoma, ovarian, and lung cancers.
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