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Central Adoption Resource Authority (CARA)

Santhosh Kumar 18/11/2023

Central Adoption Resource Authority (CARA) mind map
Recent developments
Supreme Court directives
Identify children for adoption every two months
Set up Specialised Adoption Agency (SAA) in every district by January 31, 2024
Submit data on Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act (HAMA) adoptions
Streamline adoption process
Address mismatch between available children and adoptive parents
Report by "The Temple of Healing" on legal process simplification
About
Autonomous and statutory body
Ministry of Women and Child Development
Government of India
Established in 1990
Functions under Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015
Nodal body for adoption
Indian children
Monitor and regulate adoptions
In-country
Inter-country
Designated Central Authority
Hague Convention on Inter-country Adoption, 1993
Ratified by India in 2003
Handles adoption
Orphaned, surrendered, abandoned children
Through recognized adoption agencies
Allows live-in relationships to adopt
From 2018
Adoption laws in India
Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act, 1956 (HAMA)
Hindus, Buddhists, Jains, Sikhs
Guardians and Wards Act, 1890
Guardianship, not adoption
Adoption preferences
Indian families prioritized
Non-Resident Indian (NRI) citizens and couples
On par with Indian residents from 2014
Foreigners
Immediate Placement list
Children passed over by Indian families
Includes older, sibling groups, health ailments or disabilities
Adoption criteria for prospective parents
Physically, mentally, emotionally stable
Financially capable
No life-threatening medical condition
Marital status
Single female can adopt male or female child
Single male cannot adopt female child
Couples must consent, stable marriage of 2 years
Maximum number of biological children: Four
Age criteria
Child up to 4 years: Parents' maximum age 90 years
Child 4-8 years: Parents' maximum age 100 years
Child 8-18 years: Parents' maximum age 110 years
Minimum age difference with child: 25 years
Preference in Adoption
Hague Convention compliance
NRIs, PIOs on par with Indian citizens since 2014
Foreigners outside India adopt from Immediate Placement list
Schedule for moving children to inter-country adoption list
Below 5 years: After 60 days
Above 5 years or sibling: After 30 days
Intellectual or physical disability: After 15 days
Legal framework for adoption
Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act, 1956
Applies to Hindus, Jains, Sikhs, Buddhists
Guardians and Wards Act, 1890
Applies to Muslims, Christians, Jews, Parsis
Adoption procedure
Register on Child Adoption Resource Information and Guidance System (CARINGS)
Home Study Report (HSR) by Specialised Adoption Agency (SSA)
Determine suitability of parents
Reserve up to six children for adoption
Finalize adoption at agency
Pre-adoption foster care
SSA files petition in court
Court issues adoption order
Post-adoption follow-up for two years

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