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Environmental DNA (eDNA)

Santhosh Kumar 04/11/2023

Environmental DNA (eDNA) mind map
News/Context
Scientist estimated total taxonomic diversity
Chilika lagoon in Odisha
About 1,071 families
Across the tree of life
Using environmental DNA (eDNA) method
What
eDNA
Definition
Nuclear or mitochondrial DNA
Released into the environment
During organism's lifetime or after death
Sources of eDNA
Secreted feces
Mucous
Gametes
Shed skin and hair
Carcasses
eDNA method
Non-invasive method
Assess total biodiversity
By sequencing DNA
Found in the environment
Developed by
LaCONES
Full form
Laboratory for the Conservation of Endangered Species
Part of
CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology
Headquartered in Hyderabad
Sample size
Few litres of
Water
Soil
Air
Working mechanism
Molecular approach
Filter out eDNA from samples
Read sequences
Identify eDNA source
Techniques used
PCR
Full form
Polymerase chain reaction
Purpose
Amplify DNA for sequencing
qPCR
Full form
Quantitative PCR
Purpose
Detect and quantify DNA
Why
Significance
Cheaper
Faster
Highly scalable
Applications
Monitoring ecosystems
Conserving biodiversity
Detecting various organisms
Viruses
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukaryotes
Revealing presence
Human remains
Where
Chilika lagoon in Odisha
Country's largest brackish water lagoon
Plane wreck vicinity
2nd World War
For floating eDNA
Sample collection
Seawater
When
Recent estimation
Total taxonomic diversity
Who
Scientists
Method application
eDNA to estimate diversity
LaCONES
Development of eDNA method
How
Collecting samples
From various environments
Water
Soil
Air
Using PCR and qPCR
For DNA sequencing

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FLip Mutations mind map Recent News Omicron subvariant JN.1 Dominant lineage prediction University of Tokyo researchers L455S mutation Exponential growth Second half of 2023 Increased serological distance Global infection increase WHO report December 22, 2023 850,000 new cases 3000 new deaths Indian Context INSACOG stance NK Arora statement No need for additional vaccine doses Precaution for specific groups COVID-19 statistics WHO report 3,241 new cases 21 deaths Southeast Asia Region increase Union health ministry data December 23, 2023 752 new infections Deaths in Kerala, Rajasthan, Karnataka What Types of FLip mutations L455F and F456L L455S Specific examples XBB.1.5.10 FE.1 FD.1.1 A475V mutation emergence Receptor binding ACE2 protein binding Increased transmissibility Why Mutation nature Switch amino acid positions F and L on spike protein Convergent evolution SARS-CoV-2 RBD Epistasis effect When Prediction of FLip mutations Widespread use of monoclonal antibodies JN.1 emergence August 2023 Designated VOI on December 18, 2023 Where Global spread Specific regions France Spain United Kingdom Who Researchers University of Tokyo Peking University Organizations World Health Organization Centers for Disease Control and Prevention How Mutation process Amino acid position switching Immune evasion Enhanced ability Evading vaccination Effective reproductive number (Re) Bayesian multinomial logistic model Pros / Significance Enhanced transmissibility Faster spread Evolutionary significance Virus adaptability Cons and/or Challenges Immune evasion Vaccination effectiveness reduction Increased hospitalizations CDC concerns Way Forward Continued monitoring Vaccine adaptations Global health response

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Categories: Biotechnology

Tags: 4.11.2023, Newsbits

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