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Hydroclimate extremes

Santhosh Kumar 03/11/2023

Hydroclimate extremes mind map with below nodes
Context
Study at Banaras Hindu University
Examines global warming impact
On hydroclimate extremes
Over Indian River Basins (IRBs)
Source: PIB
Hydroclimatic extremes definition
Extreme events
Impact on human societies and ecosystems
Events include
Floods
Droughts
Heatwaves
Rainstorms
Study methodology
Used high-resolution simulated precipitation data
From Coupled Model Intercomparison Project-6 (CMIP6) experiments
Findings
Frequency of extreme rainfall expected to increase
Over Western Ghats
Over Northeast River basins
Heavy rainfall intensity projected to increase
Over Upper Ganga
Over Indus basins
Agricultural drought in lower Ganga basin
Due to decline in mean rainfall
Significance
Need for policymakers to develop strategies
To manage water surplus or scarcity
Predicts 4% to 10% increase in heavy rainfall
Over western part of Indian River basins
Significant precipitation changes in specific areas
Changes in hydroclimate extremes could impact
Agriculture
Health
Socio-economic conditions
Identifies major hotspots for future urban flooding
In highly populated cities
Suggests policymakers should design basin-specific climate adaptation and mitigation strategies
Including water and emergency services policies
To minimize risk associated with extreme events in these basins

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Impact of Moon on Earth upsc notes Context Successful launch of India's Chandrayaan 3 mission to the moon Formation of Earth and Moon Occurred around 4.5 billion years ago Summary of the process Accretion Small particles in the early solar system Collided and stuck together, forming larger objects Called planetesimals Eventually protoplanets Giant Impact Mars-sized protoplanet Theia collided with the young Earth Caused a massive impact that ejected debris into space Formation of the Moon Debris from the impact began to orbit the Earth Eventually came together to create the Moon Differentiation Both Earth and Moon underwent differentiation Materials separated based on density Heavier elements sank towards the core Lighter elements rose to the surface, forming distinct layers Lunar Evolution The Moon cooled and solidified over time Experienced volcanic activity and large impact events Led to the formation of craters, basins, and other geological features Like lunar maria The moon's impact on the evolution of life on Earth Water on Earth Delivered large quantities of water to Earth The deliverer: the planet Theia that collided with Earth Impact on Tectonic Plates The moon’s pull of gravity might have set our tectonic plates Impact of moon’s gravitational pull Helps transport heat away from the equator and towards the poles Fundamentally shapes the earth’s climate Impact on Earth’s rotation Stabilizes the Earth’s rotation on its axis by slowing Earth’s rotation on its axis Helps stabilize Earth’s axial tilt and its climate This stability has allowed for the development of seasons Which have had a significant impact on the distribution of water and the evolution of life Impact on Earth Stabilizes Earth’s climate Transports heat Helps regulate the Earth’s rotation on its axis Impact of Tides Regular movement of water that exposes the land at the edge of the ocean Could have encouraged life to adapt and move from the oceans to land Impact on biological cycle Lunar cycles affect the reproductive cycles of marine life and other animal behaviours The laying and hatching of turtles’ eggs depend on the timings of tides Moonlight affects the behaviour of nocturnal animals and triggers species-wide reproduction Example: Corals Conclusion Moon holds much significance for humankind From geological as well as space exploration points of view India’s Chandrayaan 3 mission A step to better understand the moon’s geology and its potential for humankind

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Categories: Geography, Global Warming & Climate Change

Tags: 3.11.2023, Newsbits

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