Bring out the constructive programmes of Mahatma Gandhi during Non-Cooperation Movement and Civil Disobedience Movement. (250 words) [2021]
Mahatma Gandhi’s constructive programs during the Non-Cooperation Movement and Civil Disobedience Movement were instrumental in India’s fight for independence. These programs aimed to foster self-reliance, unity, and improve the lives of the people. Key aspects of Gandhi’s constructive programs are as follows:
- Communal Unity: Gandhi stressed the importance of communal harmony and unity among religious groups, recognizing that a united India would be stronger in its pursuit of freedom.
- Khadi and Village Industries: Gandhi promoted the use of Khadi, symbolizing self-reliance. He encouraged the establishment of village industries to make communities self-sufficient.
- Swadeshi: Gandhi advocated for self-sufficiency through domestic production and the boycott of foreign goods, considering it integral to achieving self-rule.
- Student Participation: Gandhi encouraged students to actively participate in the independence movement, believing their involvement would nurture nationalist sentiments and contribute to the struggle.
- Rural Sanitation: Gandhi emphasized the significance of cleanliness and sanitation in rural areas, believing that improving living conditions would benefit the nation as a whole.
- Removal of Untouchability: Gandhi aimed to eradicate untouchability and social discrimination, working towards uplifting lower castes and tribals, as seen in the Bardoli Satyagraha.
- Prohibition: Gandhi advocated for the prohibition of alcohol, viewing it as a social evil detrimental to individuals and society.
- Basic Education: Gandhi introduced the basic education program, which aimed to provide culturally-rooted education to all children. He established the Gujarat Vidyapith, a national university.
- Kisan Movement: Gandhi’s Kisan movement organized farmers effectively, addressing their specific problems and advocating for their rights.
- Labor Union Organization: Gandhi supported the Ahmedabad labor union and nonviolent strikes. He aspired to create a similar model for labor unions across India.
- Integration of Women: Gandhi recognized the importance of women’s participation in the independence movement. He worked towards empowering and including women in various aspects of the struggle.
In summary, Gandhi’s constructive programs were vital in mobilizing the Indian population and propelling the freedom struggle. These programs addressed social, economic, and political issues, leaving a lasting impact on the nation’s development.
![An elevated corridor is being constructed to reduce traffic congestion in the capital of a particular state. You have been selected as project manager of this prestigious project on your professional competence and experience. The deadline is to complete the project in the next two years by 30 June 2021, since the project is to be inaugurated by the Chief Minister before the elections are announced in the second week of July 2021. While carrying out the surprise inspection by the inspecting team, a minor crack was noticed in one of the piers of the elevated corridor possibly due to poor material used. You immediately informed the chief engineer and stopped further work. It was assessed by you that a minimum of three piers of the elevated corridor have to be demolished and reconstructed. But this process will delay the project minimum by four to six months. But the chief engineer overruled the observation of the inspecting team on the ground that it was a minor crack that will not in any way impact the strength and durability of the bridge. He ordered you to overlook the observation of the inspecting team and continue working with the same speed and tempo. He informed you that the minister does not want any delay as he wants the Chief Minister to inaugurate the elevated corridor before the elections are declared. Also informed you that the contractor is a far relative of the minister and he wants him to finish the project. He also gave you a hint that your further promotion as an additional chief engineer is under consideration by the ministry. However, you strongly felt that the minor crack in the pier in the elevated corridor will adversely affect the health and life of the bridge and therefore it will be very dangerous not to repair the elevated corridor. [2021]](https://www.iasexpress.net/wp-content/plugins/pt-content-views-pro/public/assets/images/lazy_image.png)
