State the objectives and measures of land reforms in India. Discuss how land ceiling policy on landholding can be considered as an effective reform under economic criteria. (150 words)

Land reforms in India strive to correct the uneven distribution of land, fostering economic growth and social justice. The objectives and actions of these reforms encompass:

Objectives of Land Reforms

Redistributing land to dilute land ownership concentration.
Eliminating intermediaries (zamindars/landlords) for direct state-farmer relations.
Ensuring resource usage avoids wastage.
Boosting agricultural output.
Guarding tenant rights and ending exploitation.
Supporting cooperative farming.

Land Ceiling Policy

This policy determines a maximum limit on landholdings for individuals or families with aims to:

Reduce income disparities and secure livelihoods for all.
Stop land monopolies and ensure balanced resource allocation.
Boost land use efficiency by transferring land to small-scale farmers.

The policy’s effectiveness is evident in:

Resource Redistribution: Shifting land from large to small-scale farmers for balanced allocation.
Enhanced Productivity: Small plots lead to improved land use and higher yields.
Agriculture Investment: The policy bolsters agricultural investments and rural earnings.

However, successful implementation faces hurdles like legal loopholes and opposition from large landholders. Some also devise ways to bypass regulations. Still, the land ceiling remains integral to India’s land reforms, emphasizing economic efficacy and social fairness.

In conclusion, India’s land reforms, especially the land ceiling policy, target land distribution inequalities while championing economic and social justice. Though faced with challenges, these reforms can shape a fairer, efficient agricultural sector.