With reference to Indian history, who of the following were known as “Kulah-Daran”?
(a) Arab merchants
(b) Qalandars
(c) Persian calligraphists
(d) Sayyids
Explanation
The correct answer is: (d) Sayyids
The key points are:
- The religious class of Islam was composed of important groups like theologians, ascetics, sayyids, Pirs, etc.
- The most important were the theologians known as ‘Dastar-bandan’ or turban wearers.
- The sayyids put on a pointed cap (kulah) and were known as ‘Kulah Daran’ during the Delhi Sultanate.
- The Sayyids claimed descent from the Prophet Muhammad through his daughter Fatima.
- They commanded special respect in Muslim society. Even Timur protected the life of Sayyids during his invasion of India.
- The other options like Arab merchants, Qalandars, and Persian calligraphists were not known as ‘Kulah Daran’.
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- The religious classes in medieval India included:
- Theologians (ulema) also known as Dastar-bandan
- Ascetics like sufis, faqirs etc
- Sayyids who claimed foreign origin and descent from the Prophet
- Pirs and their descendants who were local holy men
- The Sayyids were influential and commanded respect due to their lineage.
- They were appointed to high offices and exempted from punishments like other Muslims.
- The term ‘Kulah Daran’ comes from the conical cap or kulah worn by them as a mark of distinction.
So in summary, the Sayyids who wore the kulah or conical cap were known as ‘Kulah Daran’ in medieval Indian history
