India’s Urban Wastewater Crisis
India treats only 28% of urban wastewater, leaving 72% untreated, which pollutes water bodies and soils. Rapid urbanisation and climate change exacerbate the crisis. The Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) and National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG) recommend treating and reusing wastewater for irrigation, industry, and urban greening to address water scarcity. Government initiatives, such as mandates for 20% water recycling, and regional efforts in Maharashtra and Gujarat, show progress. Challenges include infrastructure gaps and high costs. Solutions involve decentralised, cost-effective technologies, public-private partnerships, and integrating wastewater reuse into national programmes like Jal Jeevan Mission and Atal Bhujal Yojana.
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