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[Newsbits] 11.11.2023

Santhosh Kumar 11/11/2023
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newsbits mindmap notes

Leather puppetry

Leather puppetry mind map Context Leather puppetry in Andhra Pradesh Ancient art form Facing extinction What is Leather puppetry Uses puppets made from goat skin Puppeteers craft depictions Characters from Hindu mythology Themes from epics Ramayana Mahabharata Threats faced by puppeteers Origin Originally from Maharashtra Settled near Kakinada Change of faith Embraced other faiths Departure from puppetry Quit due to non-Hindu mythological basis Economic challenges Struggling for livelihoods Impacts Digital media influence Decline in public interest Shadow puppetry vs Leather Puppetry Shadow puppetry defined Traditional form of puppetry Focus on shadows cast on screen Puppets made from translucent material Often leather or parchment Leather Puppetry contrast Uses more substantial puppets Typically opaque Made from materials like goat skin

Underwater Volcano Eruption

Underwater Volcano Eruption mind map Context New island emerged Near Japan's Ogasawara island chain Following eruption in late October 2023 Phreatomagmatic eruptions Definition Volcanic events Interaction of magma with water Typically seawater Characteristics Explosive releases Ash and steam production Terminology Phreatomagmatic Phreatic refers to water Magmatic refers to magma Occurrence Often underwater Explosive nature emphasized Result New island formation About Japan’s Ogasawara island chain Also known as Bonin Islands Over 30 islands and islets Creation process Volcanic processes Including phreatomagmatic eruptions

Chief Commissioner of Persons with Disabilities

Chief Commissioner of Persons with Disabilities mind map Context Chief Commissioner delivers two impactful judgments Promote accessibility Protect rights of individuals with disabilities in India Source: Press Information Bureau Judgement details Government Office Accessibility Mandate Government offices in non-accessible buildings Must relocate services Services moved to ground floor or accessible location within same facility Airline Policy Medical clearance for certain PwD categories Inconsistent with global Civil Aviation Requirements All airlines Indian or foreign Must implement Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act 2016 Protect rights and dignity of individuals with disabilities Chief Commissioner of Persons with Disabilities Office established under Persons with Disabilities Act, 1995 Ministry Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment Mandate to safeguard rights of persons with disabilities Composition of office One Chief Commissioner Two Commissioners Functions Identify inconsistencies in laws, policies, programs Recommend correction Inquire into deprivation of rights of persons with disabilities Persons with Disabilities Act, 1995 Replaces PwD Act, 1995 Fulfills India’s obligations to United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities A person with a disability Long-term physical, mental, intellectual, sensory impairments Hinder equal participation in society Person with benchmark disability At least 40% of a specified disability Certified by certifying authority Types of disabilities covered under act 21 types Rights and entitlements Reservation in higher education, government jobs Allocation of land Poverty alleviation schemes Establishment of Authorities Office of Chief Commissioner of Persons with Disabilities Assisted by 2 Commissioners Advisory Committee Penalties Violators punishable by imprisonment up to six months Fine of Rs 10,000 or both Other steps taken for PwDs National Action Plan for Skill Development of PwDs Skill training for self-reliance under Scheme for Implementation of PwD Act 2016 Scheme of Assistance to PwDs for Purchase/Fitting of Aids/Appliances Financial aid for aids/appliances Accessible India Campaign Focus on accessible physical environment Information and communication ecosystem for PwDs

Criminal Cases against MPs and MLAs

Criminal Cases against MPs and MLAs mind map Context Supreme Court directions Speedy disposal of cases Against MPs and MLAs Source: ET SC issued guidelines Case background Challenging Section 8(3) Representation of People Act, 1951 Six-year ban For convicted individuals Offences with two-year minimum sentence Ban from contesting elections SC guidelines Registration of Suo motu cases Chief justices From high courts Initiate for speedy resolution Involving lawmakers Special Bench Chief Justice-led Hear cases against MPs/MLAs Priority in Designated Courts Designated courts prioritize Cases against MPs/MLAs 1. Death or life imprisonment cases 2. Imprisonment 5 years or more Trial Court Adjournments No adjournments Except rare and compelling reasons District judges ensure Infrastructure Technological facilities For special courts Monitoring Measures High Courts develop Effective monitoring measures Use powers under Article 227 Over courts and tribunals In HC jurisdiction Status of Criminal cases Post 2019 Lok Sabha elections 43% MPs With pending criminal cases By December 2021 Close to 5,000 cases Current and former MLAs and MPs Various Judgments Against Criminalization of Politics Public Interest Foundation v. Union of India (2019) SC mandated Political parties publish Candidates' criminal records On websites, social media, newspapers Election Commission of India Create dissemination framework Manoj Narula v. Union of India (2014) Delhi High Court held Person charged with crime Not disqualified from elections Political parties cautioned Against fielding criminal candidates Lily Thomas v. Union of India (2013) SC ruled Convicted MPs, MLAs Disqualified if sentenced two years or more Can't contest elections or hold office Pending appeal Association for Democratic Reforms v. Union of India (2002) SC instructed Election Commission of India Issue guidelines Prevent tickets to criminal candidates Candidates disclose Criminal history in nomination papers

Pusa-2090

Pusa-2090 mind map Context Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) development Improved rice variety Alternative to Pusa-44 Associated with stubble burning Source: IE What is Pusa-44? Rice variety High yield Longer maturity period Contributes to stubble burning Post-harvest issue Dominates paddy cultivation In Punjab Particularly non-basmati varieties Basmati varieties comparison Softer straw Less stubble burning Smaller cultivation area Punjab Chief Minister announcement Ban on Pusa-44 cultivation Starting 2024 What is Pusa-2090? Cross between Pusa-44 and CB-501 Matures in 120-125 days Compared to 155-160 days for Pusa-44 Shorter duration Similar high yields Addresses stubble burning In regions like Punjab and Haryana About IARI Formation: 1905 Headquarters: Delhi Originally Imperial Institute of Agricultural Research Located in Pusa, Bihar Renamed and relocated To Delhi in 1936 Administered by Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)

Alliance for Transformative Action on Climate and Health (ATACH)

Alliance for Transformative Action on Climate and Health (ATACH) mind map Context World Health Organization (WHO) Introduces Operational Framework For climate-resilient and low-carbon health systems Importance Implement ATACH goals Source: WHO What are climate-resilient and low-carbon health systems? Designed to Withstand climate change impacts Minimize carbon footprint What is ATACH? WHO initiative Established in 2022 Nature Informal voluntary network Works to realize Ambition set at COP26 Objective Build climate-resilient and sustainable health systems Relationship to Operational Framework Framework implementation Supports ATACH goals

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