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[Newsbits] 23.11.2023

Santhosh Kumar 23/11/2023
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newsbits mindmap notes

UNEP’s 14th Emissions Gap Report 2023

UNEP’s 14th Emissions Gap Report 2023 mind map Unmet Climate Contributions and Rising Temperatures Projects warming of 2.5°C by 2030 Current policy scenarios indicate potential rise of 3°C Alarming Climate Records and Emission Trends Surge in climate records Global emissions peaked at 57.4 gigatonnes in 2022 GHG Emissions and Fossil Fuel Dependency Two-thirds of emissions from fossil fuels Reducing fossil fuel production crucial Inequalities in Climate Contributions Stark inequalities in contributions United States, European Union, China responsible for disproportionate share Mixed Progress in G20 Economies Policy developments present mixed progress United States' Inflation Reduction Act aids in reaching NDC goals Challenges in European Union with investments in fossil gas infrastructure Low Confidence in Net Zero Targets Concerns about diversity and implementation of Net Zero pledges Low confidence among G20 members Urgent Need for Clean Energy Access Over 2.4 billion people lack clean cooking sources 775 million lack electricity Challenges in low- and lower-middle-income countries Carbon Dioxide Removal Strategies Necessity of carbon dioxide removal strategies Comparison of existing and emerging CDR approaches

Cosmic Vine

Cosmic Vine mind map The "Cosmic Vine" Discovery Spans more than 13 million light-years Approximately 650,000 light-years wide Detected in Extended Groth Strip Redshift of roughly 3.44 Galactic Clusters and Cosmic Mysteries Evolving into a galaxy cluster Estimated mass of about 260 billion solar masses Galactic Collisions and Star Formation Quenching Recent galactic mergers triggered intense star formation Depletion of available gas for star formation Unusual discovery prompts questions about universe

ICMR Study Finds No Link Between COVID-19 Vaccines and Sudden Deaths

ICMR Study Finds No Link Between COVID-19 Vaccines and Sudden Deaths mind map Reduction in Sudden Deaths Risk Post-Vaccination Significant reduction among vaccinated individuals Exoneration of Vaccines Amidst Apprehensions Addresses concerns and reports linking deaths to vaccination Provides reassurance against concerns Impact of Severe COVID-19 on Sudden Death Risk Severe COVID-19 increases risk of sudden deaths Identification of Other Sudden Death Risk Factors Family history of sudden death Smoking, binge drinking Vigorous intensity exercises Consistency with Known Risk Factors Aligns with established knowledge Factors associated with sudden deaths COVID-19’s Impact on Heart Health Potentially contributes to heart disease and stroke Attacks heart muscle cells and blood vessel linings Comprehensive ICMR Studies on COVID-19 Emphasizes commitment to understanding COVID-19 impact Investigates outcomes of COVID-19 hospitalizations Studies clotting events following vaccination

ICRA Forecasts Sequential Moderation in India’s GDP Growth to 7% in Q2 FY2024

ICRA Forecasts Sequential Moderation in India’s GDP Growth to 7% in Q2 FY2024 mind map Gross Value Added (GVA) Growth Estimates GVA growth anticipated to ease to 6.8% Services sector and agriculture contributing to deceleration Factors Impacting Future Growth Uneven rainfall Narrowing commodity price differentials Potential slowdown in government capex Weak external demand Cumulative impact of monetary tightening Full-Year GDP Growth Estimate and Investment Activity Full-year GDP growth estimate maintained at 6.0% Robust investment activity in Q2 FY2024 Industrial GVA Growth and Sectoral Performance Industrial GVA growth estimated at 6.6% Driven by manufacturing, electricity, and mining Services and Agriculture GVA Growth Expectations Services GVA growth projected at 8.2% Agriculture growth estimated at 1.0% Forward-Looking Concerns and Conclusion Concerns about uneven rainfall, commodity prices Low confidence in Net Zero targets among G20 members Urgent need for clean energy access

Vir Das Wins Emmy Award

Vir Das Wins Emmy Award mind map Indian comedian Vir Das Won International Emmy Award For Netflix show "Vir Das: Landing on Monday" First Indian to win in comedy category Shared honor With British series Derry Girls Season 3 Ekta Kapoor Receives Directorate Award Producer, filmmaker, co-founder of Balaji Telefilms Received Directorate Award At International Emmy Awards Acknowledges Outstanding contributions to international television Understanding the Emmy Awards Prestigious accolades Recognizing excellence In television and emerging media Differ from Oscars and Golden Globes Focus solely on television and related media Conceived in 1948 First ceremony on January 25, 1949 Featured six awards Including Most Outstanding Television Personality Presented in various categories Include International Emmy Awards Primetime Emmy Awards Daytime Sports News and documentary Technology and engineering Regional awards Primetime Emmys honor American shows aired during primetime International Emmys celebrate Global productions Daytime Emmys focus on American shows aired during late-morning and afternoon Regional Emmys recognize Excellence in state-to-state programming, local news, and locally produced shows Organizations Behind Emmy Awards Three sister organizations Television Academy Oversees Primetime Emmy Awards National Academy of Television Arts & Sciences Manages daytime, sports, news, and documentary categories International Academy of Television Arts & Sciences Responsible for International Emmys Each organization has Membership of television professionals Deciding award recipients Origins of the Name ‘Emmy’ Named "Emmy" as a reference to the award Originally intended to be "Immy" Derived from image-orthicon camera tube Modified to "Emmy" for a feminine touch Statuette symbolizes "Winged muse of art uplifting the electron of science"

INS Sumedha

INS Sumedha mind map INS Sumedha Made port call to Maputo, Mozambique Part of extended operational deployment to Africa Strengthening Diplomatic Relations Through Port Call Objectives include Reinforcing long-standing diplomatic relations Enhancing maritime cooperation Boosting interoperability between Indian and Mozambican navies Scheduled activities from November 23 to 25, 2023 Encompass professional interactions, cross-deck visits, planning conferences, joint EEZ surveillance Visit marked by Courtesy calls by commanding officer On various dignitaries and government officials of Mozambique Notable figures include Navy Commandant, the Mozambique Navy, and the Mayor of Maputo City Solidifying Bilateral Relations Between India and Mozambique Share common values Democracy, development, secularism Regular high-level exchanges Across various fields Bilateral defense cooperation Progressing through regular JDWG meetings Building Bridges of Friendship through Naval Deployments Indian Navy consistently deploys ships Strengthen international cooperation With friendly nations Deployment of INS Sumedha Testament to India’s commitment Building "bridges of friendship" Fostering global collaboration INS Sumedha: A Pillar of Eastern Fleet’s Capabilities Part of Indian Navy's eastern fleet Based at Visakhapatnam Operates under command of Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Eastern Naval Command Equipped with Advanced weapon systems, sensors State-of-the-art navigation and communication systems Electronic warfare suits Past roles include Fleet support, coastal and offshore patrolling Ocean surveillance Humanitarian assistance disaster relief (HADR) missions Contributes significantly To Indian Navy’s regional security International cooperation

ASEAN-India Millets Festival

ASEAN-India Millets Festival mind map Five-day “ASEAN-India Millets Festival” In Jakarta, Indonesia Aimed at raising awareness About millets as farmer-friendly, sustainable food choice Organized by Indian Mission to ASEAN Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare Features millet-centric exhibition Participation from Millet-based FPOs Start-ups Indian chefs Objectives of the Festival Promoting Millets Create market for millets Among 10-member ASEAN bloc Fostering awareness and understanding Benefits of millets Culinary Diversity Celebrate cultural and culinary diversity Showcasing sustainable millet practices For healthier future Significance and Context Food Security Aligns with joint statements During ASEAN-India Summit Emphasizing food security Recognizes millets As important for ensuring food security Comprehensive Strategic Partnership Reflects collaboration within partnership Between ASEAN and India International Year of Millets India led UN General Assembly Resolution Declaring 2023 as ‘International Year of Millets’ Aims to Address food security challenges Promote sustainable millet production Highlight potential for new market opportunities Millets as a Sustainable Solution Can grow on arid lands With minimal inputs Resilient to climate change Offer sustainable solution For countries to increase self-sufficiency Reduce dependence on imported cereal grains Live Cooking Workshop and Exhibitions Includes live cooking workshop Featuring celebrity chefs From India and Indonesia Showcasing culinary potential of millets Exhibition features Millet-based FPOs Start-ups Indian chefs Presenting variety of millet-added products Collaborative Efforts Provides platform for collaboration Between ASEAN countries Promoting exchange of ideas Cultural diversity Sustainable millet practices Global Impact India’s proactive efforts Promote millets nationally and internationally Contribute to Addressing global hunger Promoting nutrient-rich foods Supporting environmentally sustainable agriculture practices

AUSTRAHIND-23

AUSTRAHIND-23 mind map Indian Armed Forces contingent 81 personnel Departed for Australia To participate in AUSTRAHIND-23 Second edition of Joint Military Exercise Taking place in Perth, Australia From November 22 to December 6 Ministry of Defence (MoD) highlighted Exercise aims to Facilitate exchange of ideas Joint rehearsal of tactics, techniques, procedures For tactical operations Training Objectives and Curriculum Includes various aspects Such as sniper firing Joint operation of surveillance and communication equipment Enhance situational awareness Casualty management, evacuation procedures Tactical actions at Company/Battalion levels Strengthens understanding and cooperation Between Indian and Australian militaries Promoting Defense Cooperation MoD emphasizes exercise serves to Promote collaborative partnerships Share best practices Enhance interoperability Between two armed forces Participants engage in multi-domain operations In urban and semi-urban terrains Aligning with Chapter VII of United Nations on peacekeeping operations Composition of the Contingent Indian Army contingent 60 personnel from Battalion of GORKHA Rifles Indian Navy One officer Indian Air Force 20 personnel Australian side 60 personnel from 13th Brigade 20 members each from Royal Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air Force Annual Training Event Exercise AUSTRAHIND Established in 2022 Inaugural edition in Mahajan, Rajasthan, India Designed to be annual training event Alternately conducted in India and Australia Fostering ongoing cooperation and understanding Between armed forces of two friendly nations

Ayurveda Gyan Naipunya Initiative (AGNI)

Ayurveda Gyan Naipunya Initiative (AGNI) mind map Central Council for Research in Ayurveda Sciences (CCRAS) Under Ministry of Ayush Introduced “Ayurveda Gyan Naipunya Initiative” (AGNI) Bolster research, scientific validation Evidence-based practices in Ayurveda Invites qualified Ayurveda practitioners To express interest Contributing to project by submitting Expression of Interest By December 15, 2023 Aims of AGNI Project Outlined by Prof Rabinarayanan Acharya, Director General of CCRAS Create platform for Ayurveda practitioners Share innovative practices, experiences In treating various disease conditions Foster culture of evidence-based practice Among Ayurveda practitioners Undertake research Mainstream pragmatic practices Through scientific validation, evidence-based appraisal Process and Collaboration Interested Ayurveda practitioners Submit Expression of Interest Using format available on CCRAS website Plans to document and publish reported medical practices For educational and academic purposes Consultation with National Council for Indian Systems of Medicine (NCISM) Further research studies Conducted by CCRAS To scientifically validate and mainstream reported medical practices In collaboration with practitioners, relevant institutes/organizations Scope and Impact Over 500,000 registered Ayurveda practitioners AGNI aims to harness knowledge and experience Within Ayurveda community Aligns with CCRAS’s commitment Promoting research on scientific lines in Ayurveda Follows other recent programs by CCRAS Such as SPARK, PG-STAR, SMART Global Recognition of Ayurveda Ayurveda interventions successful In managing new disease conditions Acute and chronic Not explicitly addressed in classical Ayurvedic texts Gained global recognition Particularly for efficacy in managing adverse effects Of synthetic drugs and procedures AGNI initiative contributes to Growth and recognition of evidence-based Ayurvedic practices On global stage

Antarctic Ozone Hole Grows Larger and Thinner, Defying Recovery Trends

Antarctic Ozone Hole Grows Larger and Thinner, Defying Recovery Trends mind map Study reveals changes in Antarctic ozone hole Significant increase in size Concerning thinning trend During most of spring Despite earlier signs of recovery since 2000s Expanded notably in last four years Highlighted in study published in Nature Communications Unprecedented Growth and Thinning Antarctic ozone hole Once on path to recovery Experienced substantial expansion and thinning Reduction in ozone concentration At center of ozone hole Indicating significant thinning of ozone layer Extended Large Holes Since 2020 Ozone layer anticipated to recover within four decades Ozone hole showed remarkable enlargement In years 2020-2022 Extent and duration of ozone hole in 2022 Similar to large holes in 2020 and 2021 Trend persisted into 2023 With NASA reporting 16th largest hole on record Unraveling the Causes Analysts investigating factors Influencing ozone hole’s size and behavior Considered factors Meteorological conditions, springtime temperature Wind patterns, aerosols from wildfires and volcanic eruptions Changes in solar cycle Suggests other complex factors may be at play Intricate Links to Climate Dynamics Antarctic ozone hole’s fluctuations Connected to climate and dynamics of Southern Hemisphere Recent large ozone holes impacted trends toward recovery Prompting investigation into worsening depletion Unanswered Questions and Future Research Need for further research Understand mechanisms influencing Antarctic ozone hole Investigate descent of air from mesosphere Explore impact on ozone chemistry Determine potential effects on ozone hole’s future Montreal Protocol and Ongoing Challenges Reduction of nearly 99% of banned ozone-depleting substances As per 2022 Montreal Protocol assessment Ozone hole’s unexpected growth raises concerns Urgency of unraveling dynamics To better comprehend and address challenges

Mythimna separata

Mythimna separata mind map Severe pest infestation in Assam Affected approximately 28,000 hectares of paddy crops Across at least 15 districts Crops on verge of maturity and ready for harvest Fell victim to Mythimna separata Known as ear head cutting caterpillar, rice ear-cutting caterpillar, or armyworm Pest Behavior and Impact Mythimna separata Feeds on leaves, cuts off panicles at base of crop plants Leaves fields resembling areas grazed by livestock Rapid multiplication during outbreak Forming swarms, moving from field to field Climate Change Connection Increased temperatures and dry conditions Favorable for rapid proliferation of pest populations Temperatures in seven districts above normal In Guwahati, maximum temperature 31.4 degrees Celsius 4.5 degrees above normal average Global Climate Change Impact on Pests Warming world influences spread and behavior of pests and diseases 2017 study highlighted Small rises in global temperatures Lead to reduction in insect lifecycle Higher pest populations, increased generations Expanded geographical range, extended development season Assam’s Crop Catastrophe and Future Concerns Reports of damage by ear head cutting caterpillar since 2016 Current infestation unprecedented in scale and timing Attack occurred at final stage of crop development Leaving no room for recovery Farmers across half of state suffered substantial losses

Amyloidosis

Amyloidosis mind map COntext Scientists from Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati (IASST) Under Department of Science and Technology (DST) in North-East India Successfully fabricated 2D protein monolayer Using lysozyme molecules Lysozyme Crucial protein in mucosal secretions Principal component of airway fluid Model protein for understanding diseases like Amyloidosis Understanding Amyloidosis: A Rare Disease with Multi-Organ Impact Amyloidosis characterized by accumulation of amyloid in organs Adversely affects functioning of vital organs Heart, kidneys, liver, spleen, nervous system, digestive tract Leads to multi-organ dysfunction Lysozyme as a Model Protein in Disease Study Lysozyme’s role in studying Amyloidosis Misfolding and agglomeration of lysozyme molecules Implicated in development of Amyloidosis Valuable subject for scientific inquiry Innovative Fabrication of 2D Protein Monolayer Led by Dr. Sarathi Kundu, Associate Professor at IASST Collaboration with junior Research Fellow Himadri Nath Fabrication of 2D protein monolayer Assembling lysozyme molecules at air-water and air-solid interfaces Employed Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique Insights into Lysozyme Behavior Study published in RSC Advances under RSC publishers Explored physical properties of lysozyme molecules Compressible behavior of lysozyme monolayers Formation of stripe-like domains with increasing surface pressure Investigated under varying subphase pH conditions Provided insights into structural, conformational changes of lysozyme molecules Applications and Future Implications Closely packed lysozyme monolayers Exciting avenue for studying chemical, physical properties in 2D protein environment Deposited LB films of lysozyme Potential as protein nanotemplates Opportunities for crystallization of proteins of interest

New Music Frog Species Discovered in Arunachal Pradesh

New Music Frog Species Discovered in Arunachal Pradesh mind map Distinct Features Named Nidirana noadihing Morphological Traits Robust body Males 1.8 to 2.3 inches Females 2.4 to 2.6 inches Rounded snouts Smooth skin Bony protrusions on backs Coloration Pale cream line Bordered with dark brown Light brown limbs Dark stripes Habitat Nestled within vegetation In shallow pools Male frogs emit loud calls Found in marshy areas Edges of newly constructed pond Alongside nearby road Naming the Species Tribute to Noa-Dihing River Significance of Discovery First confirmation of Nidirana genus in India Expands known habitat Importance of exploring specialized habitats Unique Vocalization and Characteristics Oval toe tips Tubercles on backs Distinctive call Irregular spots on eyelids Dark stripes around moderately large eyes Conservation Implications Significance of exploration Importance of marshlands Unveiling hidden biodiversity

Gujarat Government Selected the Ghol as the State Fish

Gujarat Government Selected the Ghol as the State Fish mind map Alternatives Considered Ribbon fish Pomfret Bombay Duck Economic Significance High commercial importance Considered a delicacy Medicinal uses in some cultures Market Presence Exported as frozen fillet Dried air bladder in high demand Sought after in China, Hong Kong Economic Impact on Fishermen Lucrative market prices Rs5,000 to Rs15,000 per kilogram Dried air bladder most expensive component A single fish can weigh up to 25 kilograms Gujarat’s Fish Export Landscape Total fish production 8.74 lakh tonnes Valued at Rs 11,221 crore 2.3 lakh tonnes fish and fish products exported Worth Rs 5,233 crore

JUICE Probe

JUICE Probe mind map Setting the Stage with Critical Maneuvers "Largest and most important manoeuvres" 43-minute burn Consumed 10% of total fuel reserve 363 kilograms of fuel used First-of-Its-Kind Flyby Moon and Earth gravity assist Initial burn achieved 95% of required velocity change JUICE’s weight around 6000 kg Challenges of Gravity Assist Demands meticulous timing and direction alignment Achieving slingshot effect Navigating planet’s gravitational field What Lies Ahead? Second smaller maneuver planned Fine-tune JUICE’s path Smaller maneuver in May 2024 Final adjustments during approach to Earth JUICE Mission Overview Launched on April 14 To study Jupiter and its moons Equipped with remote sensing, geophysical instruments Significant observations expected after 2031

Rare Metal Tantalum

Rare Metal Tantalum mind map Properties of Tantalum Atomic Number 73 Grey, heavy, highly corrosion-resistant Hardness and ductility Corrosion resistance due to oxide layer Immune to specific corrosive substances Discovery and Name Origin Discovered in 1802 by Anders Gustaf Ekenberg Distinction confirmed in 1866 by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac Named after Greek mythological figure Tantalus Uses of Tantalum Electronics Tantalum capacitors in electronic devices Substitute for Platinum Industrial Applications Chemical plants, nuclear power plants, aircraft, missiles, surgical equipment Cutting-Edge Material Tantalum carbide (TaC) and graphite used in machine tool cutting edges

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