[Newsbits] 9.11.2023 – Geoglyph, Electoral Trusts (ET) Scheme, MiG-21 & more

newsbits mindmap notes

STPI LEAP AHEAD initiative

STPI LEAP AHEAD initiative upsc mind map
Context
Launched by
Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology (MeitY)
Collaborators
Software Technology Parks of India (STPI)
Role
Promoting software exports
Nurturing tech startup ecosystem
The Indus Entrepreneurs (TiE) Delhi-NCR
Role
Funding
Mentoring
Market access
Initiative Goals
Support tech startups
Scaling stage
Growth stage
Product diversification
Geographical expansion
Financial Support
Up to ₹1 Crore
Mentorship Program
Duration
Three months
Mode
Virtual and in-person sessions
Key Features
Access to
Extensive network
One-on-one mentorship
Industry experts
Seasoned investors
Emphasis on
Diverse entrepreneurship
Women
Tier 2/3 cities
Initiative Outcomes
Establish product market fit
Identify customer segments
Develop growth hacking strategies
Ensure business compliance
Facilitate leadership recruitment
Assist in fundraising
About STPI
Role
Promoting software exports
Nurturing startups
Strengthening ecosystem
Schemes
Next Generation Incubation Scheme (NGIS)
Centers of Entrepreneurship
About TiE Delhi-NCR
Role
Entrepreneurial ecosystem creation
Programs
TiEcon
Startup Expo
TiE Institute
TiE Young Entrepreneurs
Special Interest Groups (SIGs)

Pauradhwani – Kerala Literacy Mission Programme

Pauradhwani upsc mind map
What
Kerala Literacy Mission Programme
Organised by
Kerala State Literacy Mission (KSLM)
Location
Coastal and tribal-dominated areas
Aim
Shaping informed and independent citizens
Instilling values
Scientific aptitude
Independent thinking
Secularism
Democratic spirit
Constitutional values
Awareness about rights
Six-point motto
Ensuring rights of marginalised sections
Strengthening democracy and brotherhood
Building egalitarian new Kerala society
Without discrimination
Programme elements
Pamphlet distribution
Rights and responsibilities of citizens
Significance of values
Scientific temper
Secularism
Democratic spirit
Constitutional values
Topics covered
Independence struggle and tribespeople
Forest rights
Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act
Coastal rules
Women-centric rules
Rights and laws governing children
Health and nutrition

Geoglyph

Geoglyph upsc mind map
Context
Archaeological discovery in Telangana
Source: TH
Unearthing of a 3,000-year-old geoglyph
Location
Near Mudichu Thalapalli
Medchal-Malkajgiri district
Definition
Large, intricate ground design
Created by
Arranging natural materials
Altering the landscape
Examples
Nazca Lines
Location: Peru
Uffington White Horse
Location: England
Discovered Geoglyph in Telangana
Measurements
Diameter: 7.5 meters
Shape
Circular with two triangles
Dating
Iron Age, around 1000 BCE
Possible Purpose
Model for megalithic burial sites
Significance
Artistic skills demonstration
Iron Age etching techniques

Electoral Trusts (ET) Scheme

Electoral Trusts (ET) Scheme upsc mind map
Context
Predecessor to Electoral Bond Scheme
Source: IE
Established by UPA government in 2013
Aim: 
Regulate donations to political parties
Emphasis: Transparency
Features of ET Scheme
Introduction year: 2013
Eligibility
Companies under Section 25
Companies Act 1956
Individuals or entities in India
Registration Renewal
Every three financial years
Contribution Allocation
95% to political parties
Registered under Representation of the People Act 1951
Transparency
Reporting to Election Commission of India
Contributors
Beneficiaries
Comparison with Electoral Bond Scheme
Anonymity in EB Scheme
Trends in Donations
2017-18 to 2021-22 period
Donations through EBs
Total: Rs 9,208 crore
Donations through ETs
Total: Rs 1,631 crore

WHO Hails Tuberculosis Management in India

How climate change is displacing animals

How climate change is displacing animals upsc mind map
Context
Climate change effects
On ecosystems
On native species
Source: IE
Analysis by
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Publication
Nature Ecology & Evolution journal
Key findings of the Study
Non-native species
Better adaptation than native species
During extreme weather events
Heat waves
Cold spells
Droughts
Floods
Reasons for non-native species' resilience
High reproduction rates
Adaptable behavior
Physiology adaptability
Higher disturbance tolerance
Rapid population establishment
Significance of findings
Need to protect native species
Support recovery
Climate-driven extreme events impact
Economic impact
Invasive species on ecosystems
Ecological impact
Invasive species on ecosystems

Subansiri Lower Hydroelectric Project

Subansiri Lower Hydroelectric Project upsc mind map
Context
Setback due to landslide
Blocked functional diversion tunnel
Stopped water flow
Downstream of dam
Into Subansiri River
Source: IE
About Subansiri Lower Hydroelectric Project
Type: Run-of-river dam
Power generation
Capacity: 2,000 MW
Source: Subansiri River
Location
Along Arunachal Pradesh and Assam border
Status
India's largest under-construction hydel project
Executing entity
National Hydroelectric Power Corporation (NHPC)
About Subansiri River
Length: 518 km
Nickname: Gold River
Type: Trans-Himalayan river
Largest tributary
Of Upper Brahmaputra River
Flow path
Through Miri Hills
Into India
From Arunachal Pradesh

MiG-21 fighter jets

MiG-21 fighter jets upsc mind map
Context
Indian Air Force (IAF) phases out MiG-21
In service since 1963
Replacement by 2025 with
LCA Tejas
Sukhoi-30 MKI
Rafale
MiG-21
Introduction Year
1963
India's first Supersonic Aircraft
Role
Multi-role
Supersonic Aircraft
Maximum Speed
Approx. 2,175 km/h
Armament Capabilities
Limited
Variants
Over 800 variants
Indigenous
No
Licence production by HAL
HAL stands for Hindustan Aeronautics Limited
Aircraft Manufacturer
Russia
In-Service Accidents
Over 400 accidents
Squadrons in IAF
2
Being phased out
LCA Tejas
Introduction Year
2001
Mark 1
Role
Multi-role
Supersonic Aircraft
Maximum Speed
Mach 1.6
Armament Capabilities
Advanced weaponry options
Variants
Mark 1
Mark 1A
Mark 2 (in development)
Indigenous
Yes
Aircraft Manufacturer
Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL)
In-Service Accidents
Few incidents
Squadrons in IAF
2
More on order
Sukhoi-30 MKI
Introduction Year
2004
Role
Multi-role Supersonic Aircraft
Maximum Speed
Mach 2
Armament Capabilities
Extensive arsenal options
Variants
Mark 2
Indigenous
No
Licence production by HAL in India
Aircraft Manufacturer
Sukhoi, Russia
In-Service Accidents
Limited incidents
Squadrons in IAF
12 (approximately)
Rafale
Introduction Year
2020
Role
Multi-role
Supersonic Aircraft
Maximum Speed
Mach 1.8
Armament Capabilities
Extensive arsenal options
Rafale F1, F2, F3, F4
Variants
With more on order
Indigenous
No
Aircraft Manufacturer
Dassault Aviation, France
In-Service Accidents
Limited incidents
2 (with more on order)

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