[Newsbits] 9-24.10.2024: Pink Cocaine, Chanakya Defence Dialogue & more

United Nations Day, celebrated annually on October 24, marks the founding of the UN in 1945. The day highlights the organization’s role in promoting international peace, security, and human rights. The UN, now with 193 member states, plays a vital role in global issues such as poverty, conflict, and climate change through specialized agencies like the World Bank, WHO, UNICEF, and UNESCO. Various events, including seminars and flag-raising ceremonies, take place worldwide to raise awareness of the UN’s mission. Despite facing challenges, the UN remains committed to fostering global cooperation and peace.

In October 2024, Zimbabwe’s Hwange National Park reported a suspected lion poaching incident, with three lion carcasses found mutilated. Zimparks suspects poaching for illegal trade, driven by high demand for lion bones in Asia, where they are used in traditional medicine. The park, home to 500 lions and other wildlife, faces ongoing poaching challenges despite strict measures, including drone surveillance and shoot-to-kill policies. Conservation efforts must adapt to prevent future incidents and combat the demand for wildlife parts, while continuing to monitor vast protected areas.

Summary: The Amaravati Drone Summit 2024, held on October 24-25, brings together over 1000 participants, including industry leaders, entrepreneurs, and policymakers, to discuss the future of drone technology. Inaugurated by CM Chandrababu Naidu and Union Minister K Ram Mohan Naidu, the summit aims to position Andhra Pradesh as the drone capital of India by attracting investments and fostering innovation. The event features India’s largest drone show and focuses on creating innovation hubs and discussing applications across sectors like agriculture and logistics. The summit is crucial for shaping India’s drone ecosystem and technological advancements.

Summary: The Chanakya Defence Dialogue 2024, held on October 24-25 in New Delhi, brought together military leaders, policymakers, and experts to discuss the role of comprehensive security in national development. Inaugurated by Defence Minister Rajnath Singh, the dialogue covered six key areas, including geopolitical dynamics, economic growth, and the role of emerging technologies in security. The event aimed to integrate security into broader policymaking, with a focus on sustainable growth and inclusive development. Special addresses highlighted India’s growing role in space and global security, positioning the dialogue as a significant forum for shaping India’s strategic future.

Summary: India launched its fourth nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine (SSBN), S4, at the Ship Building Centre in Visakhapatnam, marking a significant step in its naval capabilities. Part of India’s SSBN program, S4 is larger and more advanced than its predecessors, capable of carrying K-4 submarine-launched ballistic missiles with a range of 3,500 km. This launch enhances India’s nuclear triad, allowing it to launch nuclear weapons from land, air, and sea. India’s SSBN program supports its Credible Minimum Deterrence strategy, with future plans for nuclear attack submarines to monitor the Indo-Pacific region.

Summary: The Supreme Court of India upheld the constitutional validity of Section 6A of the Citizenship Act, 1955, introduced through the Assam Accord of 1985, in a 4:1 majority ruling. Section 6A provides a framework for granting citizenship to migrants from Bangladesh who entered Assam before March 25, 1971. The ruling reinforces Assam’s unique citizenship framework, balancing humanitarian concerns with the state’s cultural and demographic pressures. Justice Pardiwala dissented, arguing for a sunset clause to address ongoing illegal migration. The decision impacts Assam’s National Register of Citizens (NRC) and may influence future debates on the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA).

Summary: Bihar inaugurated its first dry port near Patna, aiming to boost exports and improve logistics infrastructure. Managed under a Public-Private Partnership, the port streamlines cargo handling and reduces transportation costs, particularly benefiting sectors like agriculture, leather, and garments. The port is connected by rail to major Indian seaports, benefiting neighboring states like Jharkhand and Uttar Pradesh. This development is part of Bihar’s broader economic vision to strengthen its export potential, with the first consignment already sent to Russia. The initiative is expected to enhance regional trade, contributing to the state’s growing export capacity.

Summary: Luong Cuong, a 67-year-old military general, has been elected as the new president of Vietnam, marking the country’s fourth president in 18 months. His appointment follows significant political upheavals, including the death of former party general secretary Nguyen Phu Trong, known for his intense anti-corruption campaign. Cuong, who brings over 40 years of military experience, is expected to stabilize the political environment, especially ahead of the 2026 Party Congress. However, concerns about increased government repression under his leadership persist. His role as president is largely ceremonial, with the general secretary holding more power.

Summary: The Indian Army’s Swavlamban Shakti exercise, held at the Babina Field Firing Ranges, concluded after six days of intense training. The exercise focused on testing new technologies from over 40 defence partners, aligning with the Aatmanirbhar Bharat initiative. Technologies like swarm drones, robotic mules, and directed energy weapons were evaluated in realistic battlefield conditions. Attended by senior military officials and industry representatives, the event showcased innovations through the Southern Star Drone Fair. The exercise emphasized India’s push for self-reliance in defence capabilities and reinforced the Army’s readiness for future challenges.

Summary: NASA’s SpaceX Crew-8 mission, delayed due to severe Florida weather caused by Hurricanes Helene and Milton, involves four astronauts who were scheduled to return from the ISS after a seven-month mission. Milton, a Category 5 hurricane, made conditions too dangerous for splashdown. NASA and SpaceX are prioritizing safety and monitoring weather for a possible return. Crew-8 is part of NASA’s Commercial Crew Program, which collaborates with private companies to enhance space access. Astronauts Sunita Williams and Barry Wilmore remain aboard the ISS after technical issues extended their mission.

Summary: India and China signed a border deal after four years of negotiations aimed at disengagement along the Line of Actual Control (LAC) in eastern Ladakh, focusing on patrolling rights in the Depsang Plains and Demchok. This agreement follows the 2020 Galwan clash, which escalated tensions between the two nations. While the deal allows for the resumption of patrolling and aims to de-escalate troop deployments, relations remain strained, with unresolved issues such as the ban on Chinese apps and suspended direct flights. Experts remain cautious, urging vigilance over China’s long-term territorial claims.

Summary: In August 2024, the US detained $43 million worth of Indian solar panels due to the Uyghur Forced Labour Prevention Act (UFLPA), which targets imports linked to forced labor in Xinjiang, China. India, while self-sufficient in solar module production, still imports significant components from China. Government initiatives, such as the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme, aim to reduce reliance on imports. However, India faces challenges in scaling up domestic solar cell production. Negotiating sector-specific exemptions from UFLPA could help ease trade with the US while navigating compliance issues.

A study in Geophysical Research Letters proposes using diamond dust for Solar Radiation Management (SRM) to reduce global warming. By spraying five million tonnes of diamond dust annually into the upper atmosphere, researchers aim to lower temperatures by 1.6°C. Diamonds outperformed six other compounds in reflecting solar radiation efficiently. While SRM is inspired by natural phenomena like volcanic eruptions, concerns about cost, ecological impact, and governance remain. This method could significantly mitigate warming, but more research is necessary to assess its feasibility and safety.

On October 22, 2024, President Droupadi Murmu will present the 5th National Water Awards 2023 at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi, recognizing contributions to water conservation across nine categories, including Best State and Best District. Odisha won the Best State award, followed by Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, and Puducherry. The awards, initiated by the Ministry of Jal Shakti, promote awareness and best practices in water management to support a water-rich India. The awards highlight successful conservation efforts, motivating communities and organizations to participate in sustainable water usage and management.

India faces a significant tuberculosis (TB) crisis, with 3 million new cases and 300,000 deaths annually. The government has increased financial support under the Nikshay Poshan Yojana, now offering ₹1,000 per month and a one-time ₹3,000 payment upon diagnosis. Nutritional support is essential, as undernutrition worsens TB outcomes. Social factors like overcrowding and poverty also fuel the epidemic. Studies, such as the RATIONS trial, show that food baskets reduce TB deaths. Recommendations for improvement include dedicated resources, culturally appropriate counselling, and redesigning support programmes to reach vulnerable populations.

The 12th India-Singapore Joint Military Training (JMT) exercise commenced on October 21, 2024, at Kalaikunda Air Force Station in West Bengal. The exercise aims to strengthen the cooperation and interoperability between the Indian Air Force (IAF) and the Republic of Singapore Air Force (RSAF). It focuses on advanced air combat simulations, joint mission planning, and debriefing sessions. With the largest-ever RSAF contingent and IAF’s diverse fleet, the JMT builds on long-standing defence relations, emphasizing mutual knowledge exchange, strategic partnerships, and enhanced combat readiness for regional security challenges.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi participated in the 16th BRICS Summit held in Kazan, Russia, along with leaders of the expanded BRICS coalition, which now includes Brazil, Russia, China, South Africa, Iran, Egypt, Ethiopia, and the UAE. Key agendas of the summit include discussions on global challenges, adopting the Kazan Declaration for future cooperation, and bilateral meetings, including one with Russian President Vladimir Putin to discuss the Ukraine conflict. India also aims to strengthen its trade relations with Russia, targeting $100 billion by 2030, while enhancing cultural exchanges and cooperation with other BRICS nations.

A new study published in Nature reveals that depression alters communication patterns in the brain, even when symptoms are absent. Using fMRI technology, researchers discovered an enlarged salience network, crucial for processing stimuli and regulating emotions. This enlargement was observed in both individuals with depression and children who later developed it, suggesting it could be a predictive marker. While the salience network’s remapping may offer insights into depression risk, some scientists caution against viewing it as a universal biomarker, as depression results from the complex interplay of multiple brain circuits. Exercise may help modify the affected brain areas.

The Rome Declaration on Water Scarcity in Agriculture, adopted on October 17, 2024, by FAO member countries, focuses on addressing water scarcity, exacerbated by climate change. The declaration promotes political support for sustainable water use, with commitments to policies, legal frameworks, and financial access. Family farming, vital for global food security, is central to these efforts, and the IFAD aims to mobilize $10 billion for agricultural productivity. The Global Framework on Water Scarcity in Agriculture (WASAG), launched in 2016, continues to provide collaborative solutions to these challenges.

Assam’s Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma launched Mission Basundhara 3.0 on October 21, 2024, to provide land rights to indigenous communities. Following successful earlier phases, the initiative will expedite land ownership allotments, enhance transparency, and digitize land-related services. Eligible applicants must prove three generations of ancestry, but SC, ST, Tea Tribes, and Gorkhas are exempt. The project also includes launching a digital directory (Digidoc), improving emergency communication, and offering financial grants for modernizing land administration.

In August 2024, the Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO) saw a significant net addition of 18.53 lakh new members, a 9.07% increase from the previous year, driven by enhanced employment opportunities and awareness of employee benefits. Young workers aged 18-25 made up 59.26% of new members, reflecting a rise in first-time job seekers. Around 13.54 lakh members re-joined after job switches, indicating a focus on long-term financial security. Female participation also grew, with 2.53 lakh new women members. Maharashtra led in regional contributions, with 20.59% of net additions.

Google has signed a deal to purchase nuclear energy from Kairos Power’s Small Modular Reactors (SMRs), marking a first in corporate adoption of nuclear energy. The 500 MW of clean, carbon-free power will support AI and other operations by 2030. Google, facing a 13% rise in emissions due to AI expansion, sees nuclear energy as a solution. SMRs, smaller and easier to deploy, offer a viable alternative to traditional power sources. Other corporations, including Microsoft and Amazon, are also investing in nuclear energy. However, public scepticism and environmental concerns remain challenges.

The Indian government has launched the “eShram-One Stop Solution,” a comprehensive platform designed to improve access to government schemes for unorganised workers. The platform aims to ease access, raise awareness, and integrate various welfare schemes into one system, benefiting over 30 crore registered workers. It will initially integrate 12 schemes, ensuring faster and more efficient delivery of social security benefits. The initiative is expected to increase participation, improve worker awareness, and support the government’s broader social security goals for the unorganised workforce.

NASA’s Artemis Accords, now signed by 45 nations, are enhancing global space cooperation with a focus on responsible and peaceful exploration. As NASA prepares to return humans to the Moon by 2026, the Accords play a critical role in promoting safe and sustainable practices. Notable absentees include China and Russia, who pursue independent lunar projects, raising concerns over military motives. Smaller nations are increasingly engaging in space, recognizing its relevance to various sectors like agriculture. The rise of private space ventures underscores the need for global cooperation and universally accepted principles in space governance.

On October 20, 2024, Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister N. Chandrababu Naidu announced plans to scrap the two-child policy for local elections, now requiring candidates to have at least two children. This shift responds to concerns about the state’s declining birth rate and ageing population, with the fertility rate dropping to 1.5. The previous policy, introduced in 1994, aimed to control population growth, but demographic trends and youth migration have raised new concerns. The proposed legislation aims to address these issues and ensure a stable population for future generations.

The Fourth Global Coral Bleaching Event (GCBE4), starting in January 2023, is the most rapid and widespread coral bleaching event recorded. With 99.9% of Atlantic reefs and 77% of global reefs affected, this event is more severe than the 2014-2017 bleaching event. Major heat stress has impacted coral reefs across 74 countries, particularly in the Caribbean and South China Sea. GCBE4 is linked to rising ocean temperatures, worsened by climate change, and is expected to lead to long-term coral mortality. The UN and scientists are calling for urgent global action to protect coral reefs.

Indian criminals exploit the open India-Nepal border and Nepal’s weak legal system to avoid extradition. The outdated 1953 extradition treaty between the two countries has proven ineffective in addressing modern crime. Extradition is delayed by lengthy legal processes, requiring warrants and documents. Additionally, criminal networks in Nepal provide fugitives with support, further complicating Indian efforts. Both nations need to strengthen border security, update the treaty, and enhance legal cooperation to address the increasing challenge of extraditing criminals.

The 16th BRICS Summit, held in Kazan, Russia on October 22-23, 2024, focuses on strengthening cooperation among its members: Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa, along with newly joined members Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, and UAE. The summit aims to promote global development, economic sovereignty, and discuss infrastructure projects like the Arctic Sea route. With PM Modi attending, key themes include multilateralism and geopolitical cooperation. Despite challenges such as India-China tensions, BRICS continues to push for a more balanced global economy and reduced reliance on Western powers.

Exercise Swavlamban Shakti, conducted by the Indian Army’s Sudarshan Chakra Corps at Babina Field Firing Range, focuses on integrating new technology equipment (NTEs) into military operations. The exercise, running until October 22, 2024, involves 1,800 soldiers, tanks, and advanced technology like swarm drones, kamikaze drones, and robotic mules. With over 50 NTEs developed by industry partners including DRDO, the exercise emphasizes local tech development and modern warfare readiness, while also providing a platform for startups and MSMEs to showcase innovations.

The European Space Agency (ESA) has introduced the Moonlight Programme to develop a satellite communication and navigation system for the Moon. Scheduled for full operation by 2030, it will support over 400 lunar missions, focusing on improving landing accuracy and enabling data transfer between Earth and the Moon. The first satellite, Lunar Pathfinder, will launch in 2026. The programme will collaborate with NASA’s Artemis and other space agencies. By establishing lunar infrastructure, Moonlight also lays the groundwork for future Mars missions, contributing to global space exploration efforts.

Hong Kong has reclaimed its title as the world’s freest economy, surpassing Singapore with a score of 8.58, according to the Fraser Institute’s Economic Freedom of the World report. This ranking marks a positive shift for Hong Kong, despite concerns about its declining economic freedom due to China’s influence. The report, released on October 18, 2024, places Singapore second and Switzerland third. Globally, economic freedom has declined for the third consecutive year. Hong Kong’s leadership, under John Lee, aims to restore its global financial image amidst growing external pressures.

A recent study highlights the strong link between gut health and Parkinson’s Disease, suggesting that gastrointestinal (GI) issues like constipation often precede the motor symptoms of Parkinson’s. The study found that damage to the GI tract increases the risk of Parkinson’s by 76%, emphasizing the gut-brain connection, where gut dysbiosis might trigger brain health problems. This research opens new possibilities for early diagnosis and treatments, focusing on maintaining gut health through diet or even using fecal microbiota transplants to manage disease progression.

A study published in Science Advances highlights how the growing demand for farmed salmon, which relies on fishmeal and fish oil from small forage fish, threatens affordable fish access for coastal communities. The study, led by Patricia Majluf, focuses on how reduction fisheries, especially targeting species like Peruvian anchoveta, divert fish away from local consumption to aquaculture feeds. This impacts food security in these regions. The study recommends finding alternatives to fishmeal and fish oil to make aquaculture more sustainable and protect vulnerable communities’ access to affordable fish.

Kaziranga National Park in Assam, India, has been recognized as the second-largest hub for butterfly diversity in the country, with 446 species documented. This recognition follows research by Dr. Monsoon Jyoti Gogoi, who has studied the park since 2007. Notable species include Burmese Threering and Glassy Cerulean, with 18 species never reported in India before. The recent Butterfly Conservation Meet-2024 gathered experts to discuss conservation strategies. Kaziranga, already renowned for its one-horned rhinoceroses, continues to strengthen its ecological significance.

The Samarth Scheme, launched in 2018 by the Ministry of Textiles, has been extended for another two years, with a budget of Rs. 495 crore to train 300,000 people in the textile industry. The scheme focuses on providing skills to new entrants and upskilling existing workers, especially in the apparel and traditional sectors like handloom and handicrafts. It has successfully trained 327,000 people, with 79.5% finding employment, and 88.3% of participants are women. The scheme aims to create more jobs, support MSMEs, and ensure the survival of traditional textile practices.

The International Conference of Telecom Regulators organized by TRAI in New Delhi focused on ‘Emerging Trends in Regulation’. Over 150 participants from 30+ countries, including representatives from ITU and GSMA, discussed key issues such as standardization, satellite communications, and regulating OTT services. With sessions addressing telecom regulations, technical challenges, and consumer protection, the conference emphasized the importance of global cooperation. A notable outcome was the signing of an MOU between Saudi Arabia’s CST and TRAI to foster collaboration in telecom regulation. The event highlighted the need for continuous updates in regulating rapidly evolving technologies.

The Indian government approved a ₹2,642 crore project to construct a rail-cum-road bridge over the Ganga in Varanasi. Set to take four years to complete, the bridge will improve transportation efficiency in the Varanasi-Chandauli region, easing congestion for both passenger and freight transport. The project also includes the addition of third and fourth railway lines to enhance capacity, with potential to handle 27.83 million tonnes of goods annually. It is part of the PM Gati Shakti National Master Plan, aiming to boost regional economic growth and streamline connectivity.

In October 2024, the Sun entered its solar maximum phase, marking a peak in its 11-year cycle of heightened magnetic activity. This phase features increased sunspots, solar flares, and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). These solar storms can disrupt satellite communications, GPS, radio signals, and power grids on Earth. Scientists, including NASA experts, are closely monitoring these activities to manage potential risks. While solar maximum presents challenges like disruptions to daily life, it also enhances understanding of space weather, prompting efforts to strengthen infrastructure resilience.

ESA’s PROBA-3 mission, set for a November 2024 launch aboard ISRO’s PSLV-XL rocket, will demonstrate precision formation flying using two satellites to create an artificial solar eclipse. This groundbreaking mission, a collaboration between ESA and ISRO, will enable detailed study of the Sun’s corona and solar phenomena like flares and coronal mass ejections. The mission aims to enhance space weather predictions and test advanced satellite control systems. The mission represents a significant step in international space cooperation and solar research, promising scientific and technological advancements.

India ranks 105th out of 127 countries in the 2024 Global Hunger Index (GHI) with a score of 27.3, indicating “serious” hunger levels. Key indicators include undernourishment (7% of the population), child stunting (35.5%), and child wasting (18.7%). The report highlights that globally, 733 million people face hunger daily. The GHI emphasizes the need for stronger action to meet the UN’s goal of zero hunger by 2030. India must focus on improving food security, healthcare access, and reducing inequality to address malnutrition effectively.

A recent study by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) predicts a significant increase in cancer cases in India, with a projected 12.8% rise by 2025 and a continued surge until 2045. This increase is attributed to longer life expectancies and socioeconomic changes, leading to lifestyle-related cancers. Prostate, lung, colorectal, and oral cancers are most common in men, while breast and cervical cancers dominate among women. The rise highlights the need for enhanced cancer control programs focusing on early detection, lifestyle changes, and healthcare improvements to address the growing public health challenge.

India and Colombia signed a major Audio-Visual Co-Production Agreement, marking Colombia as the 17th country to collaborate with India in the film sector. This agreement will promote cultural exchange, economic growth, and global recognition for both nations’ film industries. It includes financial incentives like reimbursement for production costs and bonuses for featuring Indian culture and workforce. The agreement strengthens India’s position in global filmmaking and supports joint productions that showcase the rich cultural heritage of both nations. Future international film events will further promote collaboration and innovation.

The Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, under Union Minister Dr. L. Murugan, has launched the iGOT Lab initiative to enhance the skills of ministry employees through online learning. Employees must register on the iGOT portal by October 19, 2024, and complete one of the 16 recommended courses covering leadership, budget management, and team-building, among others. The initiative encourages continuous learning by offering rewards to employees who complete the most courses. Workshops are planned to explain the learning agenda, aiming to boost the Ministry’s operational efficiency.

The 19th International Conference of Drug Regulatory Authorities (ICDRA), held from October 14-18, 2024, in New Delhi, showcases India’s growing role in global healthcare leadership. Over 194 WHO member countries participated in this event, emphasizing global cooperation on drug regulation, safety, and quality standards. India’s success in vaccine production and healthcare during COVID-19 highlights its role as the “Pharmacy of the World.” Key topics include smart regulation, AI in healthcare, and preparedness for future health emergencies, aiming to strengthen global health systems and promote regulatory innovation.

India’s National Electricity Plan, announced in October 2024, aims to expand renewable energy capacity to 500 GW by 2030 and 600 GW by 2032. Key objectives include building 1,91,000 circuit kilometers of transmission lines and implementing advanced technologies like high-performance conductors and hybrid substations. The plan also emphasizes the development of energy storage systems, with 47 GW of Battery Energy Storage and 31 GW of Pumped Storage. Cross-border energy connections with neighboring countries and coastal areas are targeted for renewable integration. The initiative expects to attract INR 9,15,000 crore in investments by 2032.

Delhi-NCR activated Stage I of the Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) on October 15, 2024, as air quality worsened with an AQI of 234, signaling the ‘poor’ category. Stage I focuses on dust control, waste management, limiting industrial emissions, and traffic-related pollution, as well as restricting the use of diesel generators and banning coal in food establishments. Implemented by the Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM), these measures aim to prevent further AQI deterioration. If air quality worsens, future stages of GRAP will impose stricter actions.

The Terminal High-Altitude Area Defence (THAAD) system is a missile defense technology deployed by the US to Israel in response to increasing tensions with Iran. THAAD is designed to intercept and destroy short and medium-range ballistic missiles in their final flight phase, using hit-to-kill technology. Its deployment enhances Israel’s defense against missile threats and serves as a deterrent to Iran. The system’s capabilities include tracking missiles and launching interceptors to destroy them mid-air. However, this move risks escalating tensions in the region and may prompt further Iranian retaliation.

New Aadhaar rules introduced in October 2024 require anyone over 18, including Overseas Citizens of India (OCIs) and foreign nationals, to prove a 182-day stay in India before applying for Aadhaar. This has led to delays, particularly in cities like Bengaluru, where many applications remain unverified. While intended to prevent fraud and enhance security, the stringent verification process has caused practical difficulties for OCIs and NRIs, particularly those who struggle to meet the residency requirement or have discrepancies in their documents. Calls for alternative verification methods have emerged as the process faces challenges.

The United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) faces increasing challenges as tensions rise along the Lebanon-Israel border. In October 2024, an Israeli tank fired at a UN observation post, injuring two peacekeepers. UNIFIL, which was created in 1978 to monitor peace along the Blue Line, is caught between Israeli military operations and Hezbollah’s activities. While UNIFIL’s presence helps limit full-scale conflict, its ability to manage Hezbollah’s influence is questioned, and the safety of its personnel is increasingly at risk amidst ongoing hostilities.

On October 14, 2024, China conducted large-scale military drills near Taiwan to express its discontent with Taiwan’s refusal to acknowledge it as part of China. Taiwan’s President Lai Ching-te, who advocates for independence, has increased tensions with China, leading to military displays by China’s navy, air force, and missile units. Taiwan viewed the drills as a provocation and affirmed its readiness to defend against any aggression. The exercises highlight the growing tension between China’s push for reunification and Taiwan’s stance on maintaining independence, raising concerns over regional stability.

In 2023, global solar power capacity reached a record 347 GW, marking a 74% increase from 2022. China led the growth, contributing 63% of new capacity, followed by significant contributions from countries like the US, Germany, India, and Brazil. Solar photovoltaic (PV) jobs surged to 7.1 million, with China, Europe, and India leading employment. Decentralized renewable energy (DRE) initiatives, particularly in countries like India and Kenya, created 307,000 jobs. The rapid growth highlights the importance of supportive government policies and public-private collaboration to ensure a fair and sustainable energy transition.

The Second Army Commanders’ Conference of 2024, held from October 10-11 in Gangtok, focused on assessing India’s security landscape and preparing strategies for future challenges. Phase 2, scheduled for October 28-29 in Delhi, will build on these discussions. The conference emphasized national security, border defense with China, and modern warfare strategies, including technological advancements. Defence Minister Rajnath Singh addressed the Gangtok phase, highlighting new threats and supporting the military. Discussions included improving military training, integrating technology, and enhancing civil-military cooperation, shaping the future of India’s defense readiness.

On October 12, 2024, an Indian Air Force C-295 successfully landed at Navi Mumbai International Airport (NMIAL), marking a critical step in the airport’s development. Scheduled to be fully operational by early 2025, the airport, developed by Adani Group, will feature a 3,700-meter runway and advanced air traffic systems. The C-295, designed by Airbus Military, demonstrates the airport’s readiness for various aircraft. Once operational, NMIAL will boost regional connectivity, improve Maharashtra’s economic growth, and handle up to 90 million passengers and 800,000 tons of cargo annually.

The India Digital Agri Conference 2024, held in New Delhi, emphasized the role of digital technology in transforming Indian agriculture. Organized by the Indian Chamber of Food and Agriculture (ICFA) and IIT Ropar, the event focused on sustainable practices, climate resilience, and market access for farmers. Digital tools like real-time data, weather updates, and pest control solutions can help modernize farming. The conference also promoted collaboration between tech developers, farmers, and researchers, aiming to make India a leader in Agri-tech while addressing challenges like climate change and inefficient traditional practices.

India’s bird population, particularly vultures, has significantly declined, with species like the White-rumped Vulture facing a 98% population drop. The Living Planet Report 2024 highlights India’s bird crisis, attributing it to toxic livestock medications like diclofenac, habitat loss, and electrocution from power lines. While India has banned harmful drugs, the vulture population continues to suffer. Meanwhile, there is some positive news: India’s tiger population has increased. However, urbanization, such as Chennai’s wetland loss, further threatens biodiversity. Urgent conservation actions are needed to protect vultures and other wildlife in India.

On October 11, 2024, Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the Indian Institute of Skills (IIS) in Mumbai. The institute, established in collaboration with Tata Trusts under a Public-Private Partnership, aims to equip the workforce with advanced skills necessary for Industry 4.0, including AI, robotics, and 3D printing. The IIS offers specialized courses, hands-on training in labs, and short-term programs in collaboration with industry leaders. This initiative is part of Modi’s vision to make India the ‘Skill Capital of the World,’ preparing youth for future employment in India and abroad while boosting national skill development.

On October 11, 2024, India’s Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) declared Hizb-ut-Tahrir (HuT) a terrorist organization under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA). The group aims to establish a global Islamic state through jihad, conflicting with India’s democratic values. HuT radicalizes youth, raises funds for terrorism, and uses social media and encrypted apps to spread extremist ideologies. The recent arrest of Faizul Rahman, HuT’s leader in Tamil Nadu and Puducherry, highlights the organization’s threat to national security. This ban marks India’s 45th such designation, strengthening efforts to combat terrorism.

Scientists at the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS) in Kolkata have discovered a new cancer treatment strategy by targeting the DNA repair enzyme TDP1. This enzyme helps cancer cells recover from the effects of Topoisomerase 1 (Top1) inhibitors, like Camptothecin and Irinotecan. Over time, some cancers develop resistance to these drugs. Researchers found that blocking the CDK1 protein can prevent TDP1 from repairing DNA, improving the effectiveness of current treatments. If successful in further animal studies, this discovery could lead to new precision medicines for resistant cancers.

In October 2024, the World Bank established a Financial Intermediary Fund (FIF) to support Ukraine’s recovery amid its ongoing war with Russia. Contributions from countries like the US, Canada, Japan, and the European Union, along with immobilized Russian assets, aim to strengthen Ukraine’s economy and ease its financial burden. The fund’s creation aligns with the G7’s pledge of $50 billion by the year’s end, with the World Bank managing the fund. This move highlights international cooperation and the urgent need to help Ukraine during its time of crisis.

Ratan Tata, a renowned Indian business leader and former chairman of Tata Group, passed away at 86 on October 10, 2024. Under his leadership, Tata Group’s profits multiplied 50 times, and the company expanded globally with acquisitions like Jaguar, Land Rover, and Tetley. He is celebrated for his ethical business practices, corporate social responsibility, and philanthropy, with over 66% of Tata Group’s profits directed toward charitable causes. Known for his modest lifestyle, Tata’s legacy includes a significant impact on both Indian society and the global business world.

IIT Indore has launched an affordable device for early breast cancer detection, developed by Prof. Srivathsan Vasudevan, using Photoacoustic Spectral Response (PASR) technology. The device combines light and sound to detect tissue abnormalities, providing a cost-effective solution that is one-tenth the cost of traditional methods like MRI. Designed to improve healthcare access in rural areas, the device differentiates between normal, benign, and malignant tissues, offering early detection. This initiative could significantly improve cancer screening and outcomes for women in underserved regions, addressing healthcare disparities.

The Indian government has approved the development of the National Maritime Heritage Complex (NMHC) in Lothal, Gujarat, to celebrate India’s rich maritime history. This project, to be completed in phases, includes a Light House Museum and multiple galleries showcasing naval artifacts and ancient maritime culture. Phase 1A is set for completion by 2025. The NMHC is expected to create 22,000 jobs and boost tourism and local economies. It aligns with Prime Minister Modi’s vision to highlight India’s 4,500-year-old maritime heritage, making it a key cultural and economic project for the country.

India has inaugurated Asia’s largest imaging Cherenkov telescope, the Major Atmospheric Cherenkov Experiment (MACE), at Hanle in Ladakh at an altitude of 4,300 meters. Developed by BARC, MACE captures Cherenkov radiation, helping scientists trace cosmic rays from supernovas and black holes. The 21-meter, 175-tonne telescope features advanced technology for studying high-energy particles from space. Hanle’s clear skies and minimal light pollution make it an ideal location for cosmic research, and the project is expected to drive further international collaborations in space exploration.

India’s National Space Commission has approved its fifth lunar mission, the Lunar Polar Exploration Mission (Lupex), in collaboration with Japan’s space agency JAXA. This mission, following the success of Chandrayaan-3, will explore water and other resources at the Moon’s south pole. Lupex, designed to operate for 100 days, will use advanced tools for drilling and analysis in permanently shadowed regions. India will build the lander, while Japan will construct the rover and rocket. Lupex will support future lunar missions, including plans for India to send astronauts to the Moon by 2040, advancing international cooperation in space exploration.

China’s “Anaconda Strategy” against Taiwan, outlined in an October 2024 report, involves gradually weakening Taiwan by surrounding it with increased military presence and frequent drills. China has escalated naval and aerial activities, doubled military exercises near Taiwan, and is likely to employ cyber warfare and disinformation tactics. This strategy pressures Taiwan’s defenses, especially its navy, and exploits vulnerabilities in its reliance on imported food, energy, and its critical semiconductor industry. As tensions rise, Taiwan faces significant challenges in maintaining readiness, while international support remains crucial to its defense.

The World Health Organization (WHO) honored India in October 2024 for eliminating trachoma as a public health issue, making it the third country in Southeast Asia to do so after Nepal and Myanmar. Trachoma, once a leading cause of blindness, has been brought under control through India’s National Trachoma Control Program, launched in 1963, and later merged with the National Blindness Control Programme. Using WHO’s SAFE strategy—Surgery, Antibiotics, Facial cleanliness, and Environmental hygiene—India eliminated infective trachoma by 2017. Continued surveillance and health campaigns are key to preventing its resurgence.

In October 2024, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Maldivian President Mohamed Muizzu met to strengthen ties between India and the Maldives. Their discussions led to plans for a Comprehensive Economic and Maritime Security Partnership. Key areas of cooperation include political engagement, development projects, healthcare, trade, and digital services. They aim to complete major projects like the Greater Malé Connectivity Project, enhance trade through a Bilateral Free Trade Agreement, and introduce India’s Unified Payments Interface in the Maldives. Capacity building, healthcare improvements, and increased cultural exchanges also highlight the partnership’s broad scope aimed at mutual growth and stability.

On October 6, 2024, the upper stage of ISRO’s PSLV-C37 successfully re-entered Earth’s atmosphere after launching 104 satellites, including Cartosat-2D, in February 2017. This mission set a world record, boosting ISRO’s prominence in satellite launches. The re-entry, monitored by US Space Command, occurred after the upper stage’s orbit decayed due to atmospheric drag. ISRO adhered to international space debris guidelines and aims to reduce upper stage orbital lifespans to five years, targeting a debris-free space mission by 2030 through responsible re-entry planning.