Potential Collision Risk: Asteroid Apophis

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AstroSat mind map   Context     India's first multi-wavelength space observatory       Launched on September 28, 2015     Recent milestone       Detected 600th Gamma-ray Burst (GRB) as of November 2023       Each GRB indicates massive star death or neutron star merging   Mission Overview     Objective       Study cosmic sources across electromagnetic spectrum       Focus on high-energy processes in binary star systems and neutron stars     Development       Follow-up to Indian X-ray Astronomy Experiment (IXAE, 1996)       Approved by ISRO in 2004     Launch Details       From Satish Dhawan Space Centre       Using PSLV-C30 (XL) rocket       Placed into 650 km, 6° inclination orbit   Scientific Objectives     Core focus areas       Multi-wavelength monitoring of cosmic source intensity variations       X-ray sky monitoring for new transients       Hard X-ray and UV band sky surveys       Spectroscopic studies in broad range       Variability studies of X-ray sources     Specific studies       Periodic and non-periodic phenomena in X-ray binaries       Pulsations in X-ray pulsars       Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) intensity variations       Time-lag studies in X-rays and UV/optical radiation       X-ray transients detection and study   Instruments and Capabilities     Payload Instruments       Ultra Violet Imaging Telescope (UVIT)       Soft X-ray Telescope (SXT)       Large Area X-ray Proportional Counter (LAXPC)       Cadmium Zinc Telluride Imager (CZTI)       Scanning Sky Monitor (SSM)       Charged Particle Monitor (CPM)     Instrument Functions       Multi-wavelength imaging and spectroscopy       High-resolution imaging in ultraviolet and X-ray       Timing and spectral studies of X-ray sources       Polarization measurements in X-rays       Monitoring for transient X-ray events   Ground Support and Data Management     Command and Control       Managed by ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC)       Based in Bangalore, India     Data Handling       Daily data gathering capacity of 420 gigabits       Data download during visible orbits over Bangalore   Major Achievements and Discoveries     Notable events detected       Supernova explosions forming black holes       Rare phenomena like blue stragglers       Coronal explosions on Proxima Centauri       X-ray polarisation variations in Crab Pulsar       Observation of galaxy clusters and rare X-ray outbursts       Detection of extreme-UV light from distant galaxies   Future Prospects     Continued observations and discoveries     Potential for new insights into cosmic phenomena

AstroSat

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Quasar mind map   Recent News     Astronomers find universe's brightest object       Black hole devouring a sun a day     Brightest known object in universe discovered       Hiding in plain sight for decades     Universe's hungriest black hole       Powers the brightest light in space     Universe’s brightest object       Quasar fueled by huge black hole   When     Discovered in 1963     Peak epoch 10 billion years ago   Why     Powered by gas spiraling into supermassive black holes   What     Extremely luminous active galactic nucleus (AGN)     Also known as quasi-stellar object (QSO)     Emission powered by supermassive black hole       Millions to tens of billions of solar masses       Surrounded by gaseous accretion disc     Energy release       Electromagnetic radiation across spectrum     Luminosities thousands of times greater than Milky Way     Redshifts of cosmological origin   Where     Centers of galaxies     Nearest known quasar       About 600 million light-years from Earth     Most distant known quasar       Over 13 billion years ago   Who     Hong-Yee Chiu coined term "quasar"     Key people       Allan Sandage       Margaret Burbidge       Maarten Schmidt       Halton Christian Arp   How     Gas spirals around, heats up, emitting radiation     Visible and ultraviolet light from glowing disk     X-ray energies from hot gas above disk     Jets emit radio waves to X-rays     Dust and gas glow at infrared wavelengths   Significance     Outshine all stars in their galaxies     Visible even at billions of light-years     Help understand early universe   Challenges     Difficult to resolve structures within quasar     Details up for debate, picture may change   Way Forward     Continued observation and research       Hubble Space Telescope       James Webb Space Telescope

Quasar

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Cosmic Vine mind map   The "Cosmic Vine" Discovery     Spans more than 13 million light-years     Approximately 650,000 light-years wide     Detected in Extended Groth Strip     Redshift of roughly 3.44   Galactic Clusters and Cosmic Mysteries     Evolving into a galaxy cluster     Estimated mass of about 260 billion solar masses   Galactic Collisions and Star Formation Quenching     Recent galactic mergers triggered intense star formation     Depletion of available gas for star formation     Unusual discovery prompts questions about universe

Cosmic Vine

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