Tilapia Parvovirus
In recent news, India has reported its first case of Tilapia Parvovirus (TiPV) in the state of Tamil Nadu.
TiPV: What You Need to Know
What is TiPV?
- TiPV is a virus that infects tilapia fish.
- It is characterized by being a single-stranded DNA virus and is unenveloped.
- The virus can be detected in various fish tissues, including the spleen, liver, kidney, brain, and mucus.
Significance of TiPV
High Mortality Rate
- TiPV is associated with a high mortality rate among tilapia fish.
- In farms, the mortality rate can range from 30% to 50%, while in laboratory conditions, it can reach 100%.
Global Reports
- India’s recent report of TiPV marks it as the third country to report the occurrence of this virus.
- The virus was first reported in China in 2019 and in Thailand in 2021.
Where TiPV has Been Reported Previously
Previous Reports
- The initial report of TiPV occurred in China in 2019, signaling its emergence.
- Thailand reported the virus in 2021, indicating its spread beyond China.
Facts About Tilapia Fish Types and Farming in India
Tilapia Fish Types
- Mozambique Tilapia (Jilabi in Tamil)
- Often referred to as the “poor-man’s fish.”
- Exhibits high survival rates in low-oxygen water levels.
- An invasive species across India.
- Introduced in India in the 1950s.
- Nile Tilapia
- Larger in size compared to Mozambique tilapia.
- Commands a market rate ranging from ₹100 to ₹150 per kg.
- Introduced in India in the 1970s, with only authorized imports by the Indian government, including Oreochromis niloticus and red hybrids.
- Chosen for its fast growth and high market demand.
Tilapia Farming in India
- Tilapia farming is primarily conducted in states like Andhra Pradesh and Kerala.
- Tilapia is sold as whole fish in domestic markets.
- In 2022, the estimated production of tilapia in India was 70,000 tonnes, with 30,000 tonnes coming from aquaculture.
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